Cardiac Unit 1
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| EKG | Graphic representation of electrical conduction through the heart
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| Isoelectric Line | Baseline, no electrical activity.
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| P Wave | Atrial depolarization or contraction
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| PR Interval | The time it takes the impulse to travel from SA node to ventricular muscle (AV Node)
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| QRS Complex | Ventricular depolarization or contraction
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| T Wave | Ventricular repolarization or relaxation after contraction.
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| ST Segment | Time between the end of contraction and repolarization or relaxation of ventricular muscle.
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| Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) | PQRST present P waves look alike in front of QRS. regular rate R-R intervals the same. atrial and ventricular rate are equal 60-100 conduction PRI 0.12-0.20 sec. QRS <0.12
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| Sinus Bradycardia | PQRST present, same appearance Reg rhythm Rate: <60 bpm conduction: Normal PRI, QRS normal in athletes, dec cardiac output others TX: Atropine if symptomatic
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| Sinus Tachycardia | PQRST present, same appearances Rhythm: Regular Rate: 100-150 bpm Conduction: Normal PRI, QRS PT response: Decreased cardiac output TX: treat cause first (pain, low 02, hypovolemia, anxiety, bronchodilator)
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| Acapella | small hand held device, combines PEP (positive expiratory pressure) and airway vibrations to mobilize pulmonary secretions
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| Anti-tussive | cough suppressant
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| Asthma | chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways lead to recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, especially at night and early morning.
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| Bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi in lower respiratory tract, usually with or after a viral URI
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| Bronchoscopy | bronchi visualized through fiber optic tube
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| Bronchospasm | increase in bronchial smooth muscle tone with resultant closure of small airways. Airway edema develops causing secretion build up. Wheezing, dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, hypoxia, and tachypnea.
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| Laryngospasm | spasm of laryngeal muscle.
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. A preventable, treatable disease state with chronic airflow limitations that is not fully reversible. Airflow limitation usually progressive and associated with abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious
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| Cor pulmonale | enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to diseases of the lung, thorax, or pulmonary circulation.
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| Crackles (rales) | fine-short duration, discontinuous, high-pitched sounds heard just before end of inspiration. Rice krispie like. Coarse-long duration, discontinuous, low-pitched sounds caused by air passing through airways intermittently occluded by mucus, unstable bronc
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| Crepitus | crackling or rattling sound made by a part of the body, either spontaneously or during physical exam.
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| Dyspnea | air hunger in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain.
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| Emphysema | a COPD marked by abnormal increase in size of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole with destruction of alveolar walls.
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| FEV1 second | forced expiratory volume in one second
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| Expectorant | an agent such as Guaifenesin that promotes clearance of mucus from resp tract.
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| Hemoptysis | expectoration of blood that arises room the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs.
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| Hypercapnia | increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood, typically to levels greater than 45-50 mmHg. ↑CO2 in blood result from inadequate ventilation or massive mismatches between ventilation and perfusion of the blood.
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| Hypercarbia | see hypercapnia.
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| Hypoxia | oxygen deficiency in body tissues.
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| Hypoxemia | decreased oxygen tension (O2 concentration) of arterial blood, measured by the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) values.
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| ISE | spirometry where visual and vocal stimuli are given to produce maximum effort during deep breathing.
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| Mucolytic | pertaining to a class of agents that liquefy sputum or reduce its viscosity.
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| Orthopnea | labored breathing occurs when lying flat and improves when standing or sitting up.
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| PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) | maximum rate of exhalation during forced expiration, measured in liters per second or liters per minute. Used to test airway obstruction.
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| Pneumothorax | collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. Gas enters as a result of perforation through the chest wall (trauma, iatrogenic injury) or pleura.
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| Postural drainage | passive airway clearance technique in which patients are positioned so that gravity will assist with removal of secretions from specific lobes of lung, bronchi, or lung cavities.
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| Pulmonary function test | test to evaluate condition of respiratory system. Measures expiratory flow and lung volumes and capacities.
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| Rhonchi | low-pitched wheezing, snoring or squeaking sound heard in a person with partial airway obstruction.
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| Status asthmatics | persistent and intractable asthma.
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| Thoracentesis | inserting a needle through the chest wall and into pleural space usually to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
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| Tidal volumes | volume of air inspired and expired in a normal breath.
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| Tracheostomy | surgical opening of trachea to provide and secure an open airway.
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| V/Q scan | used in diagnoses of PE. Microscopic spheres of radioactive particles inhaled to evaluate ventilation and perfusion.
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| Wheezes | continuous musical sound heard predominantly on expiration caused by narrowing of the lumen of respiratory passageway.
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Created by:
CJWight
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