Motivation and Emotion
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| is all the processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior | Motivation
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| is the need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal | Motive
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| Taking the first steps toward a goal | Activation
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| Continuing to work toward a goal despite encountering obstacles | Persistence
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| The energy and attention applied to achieve a goal | Intensity
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| Desire to perform an act because it is satisfying or pleasurable in and of itself | Intrinsic Motivation
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| Desire to perform an act to gain an external reward or avoid an undesirable consequence | Extrinsic Motivation
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| Fixed behavior patterns characteristic of every member of a species | Instincts
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| According to ? a biological need creates an unpleasant internal state, called a drive, and the person or organism is motivated to reduce it. | Clark Hull
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| Natural tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state | Homeostasis
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| A state of alertness and mental and physical activation | Arousal
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| When arousal is too low, ? motivate organisms to increase stimulation | Stimulus motives
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| States that task performance is best when arousal level is appropriate to task difficulty Higher arousal for simple tasks Moderate arousal for moderate tasks Low arousal for difficult tasks | Yerkes-Dodson Law
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| State of discomfort when there is conflict between a belief and behavior We strive to reduce this dissonance | Cognitive dissonance
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| Abraham Maslow proposed that human needs are hierarchical Humans are motivated by their lowest unmet need | Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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| Perceive reality accurately Believe they have a mission to accomplish Devote their lives to some larger good Frequently have peak experiences of deep meaning, insight, and harmony with the universe | Self-actualizers
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| Motive (such as the needs for affiliation and achievement) that is acquired through experience and interaction with others | Social Motives
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| A series of pictures of ambiguous situations Person taking the test is asked to create a story about each picture The stories are presumed to reveal the test taker’s needs | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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| the motive “to accomplish something difficult… to overcome obstacles and attain a high standard. To excel one’s self. To rival and surpass others. To increase self-regard by the successful exercise of talent” | Need for achievement (n ACH)
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| The ? of emotion states the sequence of events in emotional responding as : Stimulus Emotion Physiological changes | Commonsense view
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| Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli | James-Lange Theory of Emotion
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| Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: Physiological responses Subjective experience of emotion | Cannon- Bard Theory of emotion
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| suggests that two things must happen for a person to feel an emotion There must be physiological arousal There must be a cognitive interpretation of the arousal, so the person can label it as a specific emotion | The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
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| first studied the relationship between emotions and facial expressions | Charles Darwin
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| are unlearned motives that serve to satisfy biological needs, states of tension or arousal that arise from a biological need and are unlearned. | Primary drives
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| A measure of weight relative to height | Body Mass Index
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| Heredity is a cause of variations in BMI Genes influence ? and the number of fat cells in the body | Metabolic rate
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| What percent of adults in the US are overweight and obese? | 1/3
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| What percent of children in the US are obese? | 10%
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| is an eating disorder characterized by overwhelming, irrational fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, compulsive dieting to the point of starvation, and excessive weight loss | Anorexia nervosa
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| is an eating disorder characterized by repeated and uncontrolled episodes of binge eating | Bulimia nervosa
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