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Psychology ch. 9.
Motivation and Emotion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is all the processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior | Motivation |
| is the need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal | Motive |
| Taking the first steps toward a goal | Activation |
| Continuing to work toward a goal despite encountering obstacles | Persistence |
| The energy and attention applied to achieve a goal | Intensity |
| Desire to perform an act because it is satisfying or pleasurable in and of itself | Intrinsic Motivation |
| Desire to perform an act to gain an external reward or avoid an undesirable consequence | Extrinsic Motivation |
| Fixed behavior patterns characteristic of every member of a species | Instincts |
| According to ? a biological need creates an unpleasant internal state, called a drive, and the person or organism is motivated to reduce it. | Clark Hull |
| Natural tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state | Homeostasis |
| A state of alertness and mental and physical activation | Arousal |
| When arousal is too low, ? motivate organisms to increase stimulation | Stimulus motives |
| States that task performance is best when arousal level is appropriate to task difficulty Higher arousal for simple tasks Moderate arousal for moderate tasks Low arousal for difficult tasks | Yerkes-Dodson Law |
| State of discomfort when there is conflict between a belief and behavior We strive to reduce this dissonance | Cognitive dissonance |
| Abraham Maslow proposed that human needs are hierarchical Humans are motivated by their lowest unmet need | Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs |
| Perceive reality accurately Believe they have a mission to accomplish Devote their lives to some larger good Frequently have peak experiences of deep meaning, insight, and harmony with the universe | Self-actualizers |
| Motive (such as the needs for affiliation and achievement) that is acquired through experience and interaction with others | Social Motives |
| A series of pictures of ambiguous situations Person taking the test is asked to create a story about each picture The stories are presumed to reveal the test taker’s needs | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
| the motive “to accomplish something difficult… to overcome obstacles and attain a high standard. To excel one’s self. To rival and surpass others. To increase self-regard by the successful exercise of talent” | Need for achievement (n ACH) |
| The ? of emotion states the sequence of events in emotional responding as : Stimulus Emotion Physiological changes | Commonsense view |
| Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli | James-Lange Theory of Emotion |
| Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: Physiological responses Subjective experience of emotion | Cannon- Bard Theory of emotion |
| suggests that two things must happen for a person to feel an emotion There must be physiological arousal There must be a cognitive interpretation of the arousal, so the person can label it as a specific emotion | The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory |
| first studied the relationship between emotions and facial expressions | Charles Darwin |
| are unlearned motives that serve to satisfy biological needs, states of tension or arousal that arise from a biological need and are unlearned. | Primary drives |
| A measure of weight relative to height | Body Mass Index |
| Heredity is a cause of variations in BMI Genes influence ? and the number of fat cells in the body | Metabolic rate |
| What percent of adults in the US are overweight and obese? | 1/3 |
| What percent of children in the US are obese? | 10% |
| is an eating disorder characterized by overwhelming, irrational fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, compulsive dieting to the point of starvation, and excessive weight loss | Anorexia nervosa |
| is an eating disorder characterized by repeated and uncontrolled episodes of binge eating | Bulimia nervosa |
Created by:
Taylor Boyleston
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