Women's Health Issues
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| menstrual pain with endometriosis | cells contain glands and stroma; Respond to cyclic hormonal stimulation in same way uterine endometrium does; Lesions build up and slough during menstrual cycle, causes pelvic pain, pressure, and inflammation to adjacent organs
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| toxic shock syndrome | a multisystem infection that results from the response of the body to toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci; is potentially fatal
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| managing stress and PMS | psychotherapy
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| cause of physical changes in menopause | result of lowered estrogen levels; uterine endometrium and myometrium atrophy; vaginal mucosa becomes smooth and thin; rugae disappear; loss of elasticity
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| premenopausal woman and breast exams | after menospause the BSE should be performed on the same day each month; a clinical breast examination by a health care provider should be performed every 1 to 3 years for women ages 40 years and younger and annually after age 40
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| tamoxifen and treatment of breast cancer | blocks estrogen by binding to it
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| primary treatment of rape victim | help the woman regain a feeling of control in the examination setting
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| syphilis teaching | primary and secondary stages are the most contagious; spread is through sexual contact, by sharing needles, or through the placenta from an infected mother
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| HSV teaching | causes genital lesions; first episode is usually the most uncomfortable; the virus “hides” in the nerve cells and can reemerge in later outbreaks that are as contagious as the first
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| HIV transmission | through contact of nonintact skin or mucous membranes with infectious secretions, exposure to blood, and transmission from mother to fetus
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| primary dysmennorhea treatment | includes oral contraceptives (which block ovulation) and prostaglandin inhibitors (such as ibuprofen and aspirin)
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| characteristics of PMS | weight gain, bloating, irritability, loss of concentration, headaches, constipation, acne, breast tenderness, anger, fatigue, and feelings of being out of control that may interfere with work or school
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| Nafarelin teaching | nasal spray with potential side effects that include: hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood swings, bone loss, and irregular bleeding
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| breast cancer teaching | education concerning the diagnosis and treatment options is a nursing responsibility
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| CDC recommended treatment for HPV | removal with cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser, or podophyllin applications are alternatives
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| Miconazole | used to treat vaginal yeast infections, fungal infections
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| menopause and diet | high fiber diet that is rich in antioxidants and calcium and magnesium supplements
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| nonsurgical treatment for stress incontinence | pessary support device can be used; kegel exercises
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| indication showing metastasis in breast cancer | lumps, dimpling, thickening of skin, nipple discharge
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| early indication of osteoporosis | loss of height
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| enterocele | occurs when the upper posterior vagina is weakened, allowing a loop of bowel to herniate downward between the uterus and rectum
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| cystocele | occurs when the upper vaginal wall becomes weakened and unable to support the bladder, causing a downward displacement of the bladder
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| uterine prolapse | occurs when the supporting structures (ligaments) of the uterus and vagina are weakened, causing the uterus to protrude through the vagina
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| rectocele | occurs when the posterior vaginal wall becomes weakened; when the woman strains to defecate, the feces are pushed against the wall instead of toward the rectum
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