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OB Chapter 22
Women's Health Issues
Question | Answer |
---|---|
menstrual pain with endometriosis | cells contain glands and stroma; Respond to cyclic hormonal stimulation in same way uterine endometrium does; Lesions build up and slough during menstrual cycle, causes pelvic pain, pressure, and inflammation to adjacent organs |
toxic shock syndrome | a multisystem infection that results from the response of the body to toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci; is potentially fatal |
managing stress and PMS | psychotherapy |
cause of physical changes in menopause | result of lowered estrogen levels; uterine endometrium and myometrium atrophy; vaginal mucosa becomes smooth and thin; rugae disappear; loss of elasticity |
premenopausal woman and breast exams | after menospause the BSE should be performed on the same day each month; a clinical breast examination by a health care provider should be performed every 1 to 3 years for women ages 40 years and younger and annually after age 40 |
tamoxifen and treatment of breast cancer | blocks estrogen by binding to it |
primary treatment of rape victim | help the woman regain a feeling of control in the examination setting |
syphilis teaching | primary and secondary stages are the most contagious; spread is through sexual contact, by sharing needles, or through the placenta from an infected mother |
HSV teaching | causes genital lesions; first episode is usually the most uncomfortable; the virus “hides” in the nerve cells and can reemerge in later outbreaks that are as contagious as the first |
HIV transmission | through contact of nonintact skin or mucous membranes with infectious secretions, exposure to blood, and transmission from mother to fetus |
primary dysmennorhea treatment | includes oral contraceptives (which block ovulation) and prostaglandin inhibitors (such as ibuprofen and aspirin) |
characteristics of PMS | weight gain, bloating, irritability, loss of concentration, headaches, constipation, acne, breast tenderness, anger, fatigue, and feelings of being out of control that may interfere with work or school |
Nafarelin teaching | nasal spray with potential side effects that include: hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood swings, bone loss, and irregular bleeding |
breast cancer teaching | education concerning the diagnosis and treatment options is a nursing responsibility |
CDC recommended treatment for HPV | removal with cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser, or podophyllin applications are alternatives |
Miconazole | used to treat vaginal yeast infections, fungal infections |
menopause and diet | high fiber diet that is rich in antioxidants and calcium and magnesium supplements |
nonsurgical treatment for stress incontinence | pessary support device can be used; kegel exercises |
indication showing metastasis in breast cancer | lumps, dimpling, thickening of skin, nipple discharge |
early indication of osteoporosis | loss of height |
enterocele | occurs when the upper posterior vagina is weakened, allowing a loop of bowel to herniate downward between the uterus and rectum |
cystocele | occurs when the upper vaginal wall becomes weakened and unable to support the bladder, causing a downward displacement of the bladder |
uterine prolapse | occurs when the supporting structures (ligaments) of the uterus and vagina are weakened, causing the uterus to protrude through the vagina |
rectocele | occurs when the posterior vaginal wall becomes weakened; when the woman strains to defecate, the feces are pushed against the wall instead of toward the rectum |