NURS310- exam 3
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| how often the entire skeleton is remodeled | every 5 years
🗑
|
||||
| osteocytes | preform bone matrix maintainence
🗑
|
||||
| osteoblasts | form new bone
🗑
|
||||
| osteoclasts | resorption of old bone
🗑
|
||||
| osteoporosis | skeletal disease causing low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue
🗑
|
||||
| # of people affected by osteporosis in the US | 28 million
🗑
|
||||
| osteoporosis is responsible for this many fractures yearly | 1.5million
🗑
|
||||
| lesser known risk factors for osteoporosis | use of corticosteriods & anticonvulsants, dementia, Cushing's syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of osteoporosis | bone mineral density test- measured in spine hip or wrist
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral densitometers | heel/finger
🗑
|
||||
| prevention of osteoporosis | calcium, vit C, exercise, prevention of falls, gain weight, stop smoking
🗑
|
||||
| daily value needed of calcium | 1000-1500mg daily
🗑
|
||||
| side effects of calcium supplements | constipation/gas
🗑
|
||||
| daily needed value of vit D | 400-800IU or 15-20min in the sun daily
🗑
|
||||
| vit D role | calcium absorption and bone metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| sources of vit D | liver, fish oil, milk, calcitrol
🗑
|
||||
| medications ofr osteoporosis | ERT, Fosamax, Evista, Risedronate, Calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| Paget's Disease | abnormal formation of bone tissue that results in weakened and deformed bones; chronic accelerated bone remoldeling
🗑
|
||||
| sx of Paget's Disease | localized pain, flushing, warmth of the overlying skin
🗑
|
||||
| cause of Pagets Disease | unknown; may be caused by a virus
🗑
|
||||
| Tx of Paget's Disease | surgery-replacement of hip or knee
🗑
|
||||
| medical tx of paget's disease | biphosphonates: Fosamax, Aredia, Skelid; NSAIDS; Celebrex, Vioxx; Calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| Osteoarthritis | DJD characterized by degeneration and loss of articular cartilage in synovial joints
🗑
|
||||
| most common arthritic disorder | osteoarthritis
🗑
|
||||
| leading cause of disability in the aged | osteoarthrits
🗑
|
||||
| osteoarthritis affects this many americans | 20-40million
🗑
|
||||
| risk factors for osteoarthrtis | obesity, muscle weakness, nerve injury, oversuse, aging, genetics, women
🗑
|
||||
| manifestations of osteoarthrtis | gradual inset with slow progression, stiffness after periods of immobility, crepitus, Herberden's (DIP) & Bouchard's (PIP) nodes, localized pain relieved by rest
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of osteoarthritis | H&P and X-ray
🗑
|
||||
| mngmnt of osteoarthritis | stretching, exericse, wgt control, ROM
🗑
|
||||
| medication for osteoarthritis | analgesics( Tylenol, Darvon) NSAIDS (ASA, ibuprofen) Hyaluronic Acid Therapy COX-2 ( Celebrex, Vioxx)
🗑
|
||||
| surgeries for osteoarthritis | arthroscopy & arthroplasty
🗑
|
||||
| Rheumatiod Arthritis | autoimmune connective tissue disease that most commonly causes inflammation of the joints and joint deformity; antibodies destroy own body tissues; bilateral; chronic illness
🗑
|
||||
| ppl affected by RA | 1% of population; more women/ages 30-50yrs
🗑
|
||||
| cause of RA | unknown
🗑
|
||||
| manifestation of RA | fever, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, sching & stiffness, warm, boggy, cyanotic, shiny joints
🗑
|
||||
| deformities caused by RA | ulnar deviation of fingers, swan-neck wrist, Boutonniere deformity, nodules, flexion of PIP and extension of DIP joint
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of RA | H&P, lab studies
🗑
|
||||
| medications used for RA | ASA & other NASIDS, corticosteriods, immunosuppressive therapy (methotrexate)
🗑
|
||||
| surgeries for RA | synovectomy, arthroplasty
🗑
|
||||
| Gout | metabolic dosorder characterized by an elevated serum uric acid concentration and deposition of urate crystals in synovial fluid and surrounding joint tissues
🗑
|
||||
| ppl affected by gout | 1-3.5% of US population, more men
🗑
|
||||
| where gout develops | big toe, 1 joint at a time, serum uric acid level >7.0mg/dL
🗑
|
||||
| acute gout | abrupt onset precipitated by trauma, alcohol, stress; acute pain, swollen joint, fever ,chills, malaise, evelvated WBC and sed rate
🗑
|
||||
| chronic gout | Tophacceous gout
🗑
|
||||
| medications for gout | NSAIDs, Colchicine, analgesics, corticosteriods
🗑
|
||||
| other therapy for gout | bed rest, elevate joint, hot/cold compress, increased fluid intake, alcohol and sodium aviodance
🗑
|
||||
| Burstits | infalmmation of irritation of bursa
🗑
|
||||
| tendinitis | inflammation or irritation of a tendon
🗑
|
||||
| Tx of bursititis and tendinitis | rest, splints, cold to hot compresses, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids
🗑
|
||||
| 6th leading cause of death in elderly | hip fractures
🗑
|
||||
| manifestations of hip fracture | pain, shortening of affected extremity, external rotation of lower extremity
🗑
|
||||
| CHF affects these ppl | 4 million; more african americans
🗑
|
||||
| afterload | amount of force the left ventricle develops to eject blood into circulation
🗑
|
||||
| preload | amount of cardiac muscle tension in ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| stroke volume | amount of blood ejected from ventricle with each contraction (preload + afterload + contractility)
🗑
|
||||
| CO | blood pumped in 1 min from ventricle (4-8L)
🗑
|
||||
| Ejection Fraction | % of blood in ventricle at end of diastole that is ejected during systole (60%)
🗑
|
||||
| causes of HF | too much volume, defects, HTN, MI, ETOH, CHD, cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, stenosis of valve
🗑
|
||||
| serum electrolytes in HF | serum osmolarity decreases d/t fluid retention; need baseline for diuretics
🗑
|
||||
| ABG analysis in HF | decreased PO2, rises as CHF worsens
🗑
|
||||
| chest x-ray findings for CHF | pulmonary vascular congestion and cardiomegaly
🗑
|
||||
| echocardiogram for HF | evaluates LV function, hypertrophy, decreased contractility, decreased EF
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac Cath | shows presence of CAD
🗑
|
||||
| Tx for CHF | ventricle pump performance-oxygen, digoxin reduce myocardial workload- diuretics, high fowlers position. reduce afterload- vasodilators, ACE's, Beta-Blockers
🗑
|
||||
| Raynauds Disease | digital arteries respond excessively to vasospastic stimuli; diagnosed after 3 years
🗑
|
||||
| blue-white-red disease | colors digits turn in Raynauds
🗑
|
||||
| Iron deficient anemia | most common anemia
🗑
|
||||
| s/s of iron deficient anemia | brittle nails, cheilosis, smooth & sore tongue, craving for starch, decreased Hbg
🗑
|
||||
| Tx of iron deficient anemia | iron pills, foods high in iron
🗑
|
||||
| Pernicious anemia | failure to absorb vit B12
🗑
|
||||
| s/s of pernicious anemia | low hbg, hct, RBC levels; pallor or jaundice, weakness/numbness sensations
🗑
|
||||
| tx of pernicious anemia | cobalamin (B12) injections, increase foods high in B12 (meats, eggs, dairy products
🗑
|
||||
| CVA | 3rd leasding cause of death in US; ischemic or hemorrhagic
🗑
|
||||
| s/s of CVA | transient hemiparesis, loss of speech, vertigo or syncope, paresthesias, transient paralysis, epistaxis, HA
🗑
|
||||
| Atrial fibrillation | lack of organized atrial activity and irregular timing of ventricular response
🗑
|
||||
| causes of atrial fib | decreased # of SA node cells, HTN, CAD, valve problem
🗑
|
||||
| s/s of atrial fib | heart racing, faint feeling, irregular heart beat
🗑
|
||||
| Tx of atrial fib | digoxin, cardioversion
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
rsg175
Popular Nursing sets