Baran: Film
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| Zoopraxiscope | invented by Muybridge; a machine for projecting slides onto a distant surface
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| Persistence of Vision | physiological phenomenon, images our eyes gather are retained in the brain for about 1/24 of a second
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| Kinetograph | combined an easy to use Kodak camera with a celluloid roll that took 40 photographs a second; created by William Dickson
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| Who developed the process of photography? | Joseph Nicephore Niepce
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| Daguerreotype | a process of recording images on polished metal plates (usually copper) covered with a thin layer of silver iodine emlusion
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| Calotype | used translucent paper (negative) from which several prints could be made; created by William Henry Fox Talbot
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| Who built the first motion picture studio? | Thomas Edison
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| Kinetoscope | a sort of peep show device; popular in penny arcades
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| Cinematographe | a device that both photographed and projected action; created by Lumiere Brothers
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| Edison Vitascope | advanced projector, similar to the cinematographe, started the American movie business in April, 1896
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| Who began narrative motion pictures? | George Melies; brought narrative in the form of the movie medium
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| The Great Train Robbery | By Edwin S. Porter (1903) first to use intercutting scenes, editing, and a mobile camera, first Western
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| Montage | tying together two separate but related shots in such a way that they took on a new, unified meaning
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| Nickelodeons | exhibition halls, could seat a lot of people and charged for admission
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| Factory Studios | production companies
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| Achievements of D. W. Griffith | director, created scheduled rehearsals, production based on close adherence to a shooting script, lavished attention on costume and lighting, used close ups, etc., created full-length feature film DIRECTOR OF THE BIRTH OF A NATION (1915)
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| The Birth Of a Nation | most influential silent movie, 3 hours, racists, most profitable movie until Gone With The Wind-- took movies out of Nickelodeons and made them big business
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| Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) | Thomas Edison, 10 companies under Edison's control, held patents to almost all film equipment and exhibition equipment, had too many rules thus causing film makers to migrate to LA
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| What did sound do for the movie business? | 1) created musical genre 2) actors now had to really act 3) made production a much more complicated and expensive proposition 4) caused smaller filmmakers to close shop b/c they couldn't afford to compete
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| What was the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA)? | a response to the "scandals" taking place in Hollywood, legislation to censor movies and their content
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| Motion Picture Production Code (MPPC) | 1934; censored and forbade much in the movies
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| Double Feature with a B movie | less expensive, welcomed relief during Depression
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| Vertical Integration | helped movie business survive Depression, studios produced own films, distributed them through their own outlets, and exhibited them in their own theaters= was viewed as a monopoly
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| Paramount Decision | ruling by Supreme Court, destroyed studios hold over movie making (vertical integration was illegal) as was block booking
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| Block Booking | the practice of requiring exhibitors to rent groups of movies, often inferior, to secure a better one
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| How did they recapture viewers from TV? | technical and content innovations-- more attention to special effects, greater dependence on and improvements in color and CinemaScope
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| Forgettable technological innovations? | 3-D and smellovision
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| What was the "message movie"? | charted social trends, especially ones in the alienation off youth and prejudice (Ex: Rebel Without a Cause)
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| Todays movie audience? | Youth-- that's why movie theaters show up in malls
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| What are the three component systems in the movie industry? | production, distribution, and exhibition
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| Production | making of movies; increase in production costs (people expect special effects) why movie industries aren't willing to take risks
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| Distribution | supplying movies to TV networks, cable and satellite networks, makers of videodiscs, and Internet streaming companies; advertising and promotion of movie = 50% of the production costs
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| Green Light Process | the decision to make a picture
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| Platform Rollout | to open a movie on a few screens and hope that critical response, film festival success, and good word-of-mouth reviews propel it so success
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| Exhibition | where the movies are shown; 7 large chains own 80% of all US ticket sales; make most money off of concession sales (Ex: popcorn)
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| Major studios | finance their films through profit of their own business (Ex: Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Universal)
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| Corporate Independent Studios | produce movies that look and feel like an independent one; speciality of major studios, but less costly (Ex: Fox Searchlight, Song Classics, Focus Features, New Line Cinema)
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| Independent Studios | raises money outside of studio system to produce films (ex: Lionsgate and Weinstein Company)
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| Block Buster Mentality | combination or conglomeration and foreign ownership forces industry into filmmaking characterized by reduced risk taking and more formulaic movies
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| Concept Films | films that can be described in one line; easy to sell to foreign companies, less plot based, depend little on characterization (overseas box-offices account for %55 of sales)
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| Tentpole | an expensive blockbuster around which a studio plans its other releases
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| Franchise Films | movies that are produced with the full intention of producing several more sequels
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| Theatrical Films | those produced originally for theater exhibition
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| What has convergence done with movies? | made it possible for them to be shown on DVDs, satellite, cable, video-on-demand and other mediums
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| Microcinema | started with Blair Witch Project; filmmaking using digital video cameras and desktop digital editing machines; low-budget
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| Branding Films | the sponsor-financing of movies to advance a manufacture's product line
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