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Baran: Film
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Zoopraxiscope | invented by Muybridge; a machine for projecting slides onto a distant surface |
| Persistence of Vision | physiological phenomenon, images our eyes gather are retained in the brain for about 1/24 of a second |
| Kinetograph | combined an easy to use Kodak camera with a celluloid roll that took 40 photographs a second; created by William Dickson |
| Who developed the process of photography? | Joseph Nicephore Niepce |
| Daguerreotype | a process of recording images on polished metal plates (usually copper) covered with a thin layer of silver iodine emlusion |
| Calotype | used translucent paper (negative) from which several prints could be made; created by William Henry Fox Talbot |
| Who built the first motion picture studio? | Thomas Edison |
| Kinetoscope | a sort of peep show device; popular in penny arcades |
| Cinematographe | a device that both photographed and projected action; created by Lumiere Brothers |
| Edison Vitascope | advanced projector, similar to the cinematographe, started the American movie business in April, 1896 |
| Who began narrative motion pictures? | George Melies; brought narrative in the form of the movie medium |
| The Great Train Robbery | By Edwin S. Porter (1903) first to use intercutting scenes, editing, and a mobile camera, first Western |
| Montage | tying together two separate but related shots in such a way that they took on a new, unified meaning |
| Nickelodeons | exhibition halls, could seat a lot of people and charged for admission |
| Factory Studios | production companies |
| Achievements of D. W. Griffith | director, created scheduled rehearsals, production based on close adherence to a shooting script, lavished attention on costume and lighting, used close ups, etc., created full-length feature film DIRECTOR OF THE BIRTH OF A NATION (1915) |
| The Birth Of a Nation | most influential silent movie, 3 hours, racists, most profitable movie until Gone With The Wind-- took movies out of Nickelodeons and made them big business |
| Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) | Thomas Edison, 10 companies under Edison's control, held patents to almost all film equipment and exhibition equipment, had too many rules thus causing film makers to migrate to LA |
| What did sound do for the movie business? | 1) created musical genre 2) actors now had to really act 3) made production a much more complicated and expensive proposition 4) caused smaller filmmakers to close shop b/c they couldn't afford to compete |
| What was the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA)? | a response to the "scandals" taking place in Hollywood, legislation to censor movies and their content |
| Motion Picture Production Code (MPPC) | 1934; censored and forbade much in the movies |
| Double Feature with a B movie | less expensive, welcomed relief during Depression |
| Vertical Integration | helped movie business survive Depression, studios produced own films, distributed them through their own outlets, and exhibited them in their own theaters= was viewed as a monopoly |
| Paramount Decision | ruling by Supreme Court, destroyed studios hold over movie making (vertical integration was illegal) as was block booking |
| Block Booking | the practice of requiring exhibitors to rent groups of movies, often inferior, to secure a better one |
| How did they recapture viewers from TV? | technical and content innovations-- more attention to special effects, greater dependence on and improvements in color and CinemaScope |
| Forgettable technological innovations? | 3-D and smellovision |
| What was the "message movie"? | charted social trends, especially ones in the alienation off youth and prejudice (Ex: Rebel Without a Cause) |
| Todays movie audience? | Youth-- that's why movie theaters show up in malls |
| What are the three component systems in the movie industry? | production, distribution, and exhibition |
| Production | making of movies; increase in production costs (people expect special effects) why movie industries aren't willing to take risks |
| Distribution | supplying movies to TV networks, cable and satellite networks, makers of videodiscs, and Internet streaming companies; advertising and promotion of movie = 50% of the production costs |
| Green Light Process | the decision to make a picture |
| Platform Rollout | to open a movie on a few screens and hope that critical response, film festival success, and good word-of-mouth reviews propel it so success |
| Exhibition | where the movies are shown; 7 large chains own 80% of all US ticket sales; make most money off of concession sales (Ex: popcorn) |
| Major studios | finance their films through profit of their own business (Ex: Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Universal) |
| Corporate Independent Studios | produce movies that look and feel like an independent one; speciality of major studios, but less costly (Ex: Fox Searchlight, Song Classics, Focus Features, New Line Cinema) |
| Independent Studios | raises money outside of studio system to produce films (ex: Lionsgate and Weinstein Company) |
| Block Buster Mentality | combination or conglomeration and foreign ownership forces industry into filmmaking characterized by reduced risk taking and more formulaic movies |
| Concept Films | films that can be described in one line; easy to sell to foreign companies, less plot based, depend little on characterization (overseas box-offices account for %55 of sales) |
| Tentpole | an expensive blockbuster around which a studio plans its other releases |
| Franchise Films | movies that are produced with the full intention of producing several more sequels |
| Theatrical Films | those produced originally for theater exhibition |
| What has convergence done with movies? | made it possible for them to be shown on DVDs, satellite, cable, video-on-demand and other mediums |
| Microcinema | started with Blair Witch Project; filmmaking using digital video cameras and desktop digital editing machines; low-budget |
| Branding Films | the sponsor-financing of movies to advance a manufacture's product line |
Created by:
eroberts093