Baran: Film Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Zoopraxiscope	invented by Muybridge; a machine for projecting slides onto a distant surface
Persistence of Vision	physiological phenomenon, images our eyes gather are retained in the brain for about 1/24 of a second
Kinetograph	combined an easy to use Kodak camera with a celluloid roll that took 40 photographs a second; created by William Dickson
Who developed the process of photography?	Joseph Nicephore Niepce
Daguerreotype	a process of recording images on polished metal plates (usually copper) covered with a thin layer of silver iodine emlusion
Calotype	used translucent paper (negative) from which several prints could be made; created by William Henry Fox Talbot
Who built the first motion picture studio?	Thomas Edison
Kinetoscope	a sort of peep show device; popular in penny arcades
Cinematographe	a device that both photographed and projected action; created by Lumiere Brothers
Edison Vitascope	advanced projector, similar to the cinematographe, started the American movie business in April, 1896
Who began narrative motion pictures?	George Melies; brought narrative in the form of the movie medium
The Great Train Robbery	By Edwin S. Porter (1903) first to use intercutting scenes, editing, and a mobile camera, first Western
Montage	tying together two separate but related shots in such a way that they took on a new, unified meaning
Nickelodeons	exhibition halls, could seat a lot of people and charged for admission
Factory Studios	production companies
Achievements of D. W. Griffith	director, created scheduled rehearsals, production based on close adherence to a shooting script, lavished attention on costume and lighting, used close ups, etc., created full-length feature film DIRECTOR OF THE BIRTH OF A NATION (1915)
The Birth Of a Nation	most influential silent movie, 3 hours, racists, most profitable movie until Gone With The Wind-- took movies out of Nickelodeons and made them big business
Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC)	Thomas Edison, 10 companies under Edison's control, held patents to almost all film equipment and exhibition equipment, had too many rules thus causing film makers to migrate to LA
What did sound do for the movie business?	1) created musical genre 2) actors now had to really act 3) made production a much more complicated and expensive proposition 4) caused smaller filmmakers to close shop b/c they couldn't afford to compete
What was the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA)?	a response to the "scandals" taking place in Hollywood, legislation to censor movies and their content
Motion Picture Production Code (MPPC)	1934; censored and forbade much in the movies
Double Feature with a B movie	less expensive, welcomed relief during Depression
Vertical Integration	helped movie business survive Depression, studios produced own films, distributed them through their own outlets, and exhibited them in their own theaters= was viewed as a monopoly
Paramount Decision	ruling by Supreme Court, destroyed studios hold over movie making (vertical integration was illegal) as was block booking
Block Booking	the practice of requiring exhibitors to rent groups of movies, often inferior, to secure a better one
How did they recapture viewers from TV?	technical and content innovations-- more attention to special effects, greater dependence on and improvements in color and CinemaScope
Forgettable technological innovations?	3-D and smellovision
What was the "message movie"?	charted social trends, especially ones in the alienation off youth and prejudice (Ex: Rebel Without a Cause)
Todays movie audience?	Youth-- that's why movie theaters show up in malls
What are the three component systems in the movie industry?	production, distribution, and exhibition
Production	making of movies; increase in production costs (people expect special effects) why movie industries aren't willing to take risks
Distribution	supplying movies to TV networks, cable and satellite networks, makers of videodiscs, and Internet streaming companies; advertising and promotion of movie = 50% of the production costs
Green Light Process	the decision to make a picture
Platform Rollout	to open a movie on a few screens and hope that critical response, film festival success, and good word-of-mouth reviews propel it so success
Exhibition	where the movies are shown; 7 large chains own 80% of all US ticket sales; make most money off of concession sales (Ex: popcorn)
Major studios	finance their films through profit of their own business (Ex: Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Universal)
Corporate Independent Studios	produce movies that look and feel like an independent one; speciality of major studios, but less costly (Ex: Fox Searchlight, Song Classics, Focus Features, New Line Cinema)
Independent Studios	raises money outside of studio system to produce films (ex: Lionsgate and Weinstein Company)
Block Buster Mentality	combination or conglomeration and foreign ownership forces industry into filmmaking characterized by reduced risk taking and more formulaic movies
Concept Films	films that can be described in one line; easy to sell to foreign companies, less plot based, depend little on characterization (overseas box-offices account for %55 of sales)
Tentpole	an expensive blockbuster around which a studio plans its other releases
Franchise Films	movies that are produced with the full intention of producing several more sequels
Theatrical Films	those produced originally for theater exhibition
What has convergence done with movies?	made it possible for them to be shown on DVDs, satellite, cable, video-on-demand and other mediums
Microcinema	started with Blair Witch Project; filmmaking using digital video cameras and desktop digital editing machines; low-budget
Branding Films	the sponsor-financing of movies to advance a manufacture's product line

Created by: eroberts093