Respiratory Terms and Definitions
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| Sporadic, irregular breaths that are usually seen just before respiratory arrest. | agonal respiration
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| Active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs; also called inhalation | inspiration
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| Blockage of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs. | bronchoconstriction
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| Pulling in of the accessory muscles to breathe. | retractions
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| Passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and forcing air from the lungs; also called exhalation. | expiration
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| The structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity is the | diaphragm muscle
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| When you check for presence of breath sounds, chest expansion, and depth of respirations you are determining the | quality of breathing
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| An unresponsive patient with shallow, gasping breaths with only a few breaths per minute requires | immediate artificial ventilation with supplemental oxygen
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| These muscles in the neck and abdomen sometimes assist in breathing. | accessory muscles
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| Since oxygenation of the body's tissue is reduced in a patient with inadequate breathing, their skin may be | blue, clammy, and cool
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| An unresponsive adult making this type of sound may have a serious airway problem and be in need of immediate intervention. | snoring or gurgling sounds
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| The leading killer of infants and children is | respiratory infections
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| Ways that a child's airway is different from an adult's airway include: | structures are smaller and more easily obstructed, tongues are proportionately larger, the trachea is softer and more flexible
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| Infants and children depend more on the diaphragm for breathing because | their chest wall is softer.
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| Three signs of inadequate breathing in infants and children include: | nasal flaring, grunting, seesaw breathing
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| Most important to observe related to a patient's breathing: | presence and adequacy of breathing
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| Best method for providing artificial ventilation | pocket face mask without supplemental oxygen
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| If you are unsure that a patient require artificial ventilation, you should | provide artificial ventilation
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| Adequate rate of artificial ventilations for a non-breathing adult patient is | 10-12 breaths per minute
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| Adequate rate of artificial ventilations for a non-breathing infant patient | 12-20 breaths per minutes
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| You are artificially ventilating an adult patient in respiratory arrest. The chest does NOT rise and fall with each ventilation. The first action to take is to | increase the force of the ventilations
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| When working with an infant or child, it is important to distinguish between an upper airway problem and a lower airway problem because | suctioning can cause spasms with some lower respiratory diseases
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| Signs of a lower airway problem include: | wheezing, increased breathing when exhaling, rapid breathing without stridor
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| If your patient is only able to speak in short, choppy sentences, he may be | experiencing breathing difficulty
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| This position (used for patients in respiratory distress) means the patient is leaning forward with his hands resting on his knees | tripod position
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| These signs are commonly associated with breathing difficulties: | crowing/restlessness, retractions/shortness of breath, increased pulse/tightness in chest
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| If a patient is suffering from breathing difficulty and is breathing adequately, oxygen should be adminstered through a | nonrebreather mask
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| If a patient is suffering from breathing difficulty and is breathing adequately, they should be placed in this position. | sitting up
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| Before coaching a patient in the use of an inhaler, the EMT should | shake the inhaler rigorously
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| To ensure that the most medication is absorbed when using an inhaler, encourage the patient to | hold the breath as long as possible.
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| The best way to document a patient's respiratory complaint is to | have the patient describe the complaint in their own words.
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| For a patient with anxiety, the physician may prescribe this to improve the volume of medication that the patient is able to self-administer when in distress. | spacer device
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| These inhalers are types of medication that would be used in an emergency to reverse airway constriction. | Ventolin, Proventil, Albuterol
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| When assessing the lungs of a patient in respiratory distress you hear a fine bubbling sound upon inspiration. This sound is caused by fluid in the alveoli and is called | crackles
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| A device commonly used in hospitals which is now used by COPD patients in their home is called a | small-volume nebulizer
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| oximeter reading for a normal healthy person | 95%-99%
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| oximeter reading below 95% | hypoxic
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| oximeter reading between 94% and 91% | mild hypoxia
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| oximeter reading between 86% and 90% | moderate hypoxia
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| oximeter reading below 85% | sever hypoxia
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