Meningitis-Reyes'-Encephalitis and Neural tube defects
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| What is opisthotonic? | A child has an exaggerated arching of the back. Common in black females.
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| What is the treatment for aseptic meningitis? | Symptomatic: Tylenol, hydration, positioning for comfort, antimicrobial agents, and isolation.
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| What are complications of meningitis? | **See pages 1538 (new ed); pg 1645 (old ed)** SIADH (Hormone disorder), HEARING LOSS, subdural effusions, seizures, cerebral edema and herniation, hydrocepahlus, and meninigococcal sepsis or meningococcemia. **IRRITABILITY, DIPLOPIA
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| What complication can occur after the repair of a neural tube defect? | Meningitis
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| What is the treatment for Reye's syndrome? | Monitor intake and output to prevent dehydration and cerebral edema; do not treat any flu-like symptoms without checking for hidden salicylates.
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| What is the treatment for encephalitis? | Primarily supportive and includes conscientious nursing care, control of cerebral manifestations/ disorders, adequate nutrition and hydration.
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| What should one with a neural tube defect avoid? | Bananas and maintain a latex-free environment (latex allergy)
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| What is ancephaly? | Most serious neural tube defect; a congential malformation where both cerebral hemispheres are absent. Flat brain, no medulla. RN needs to help support parent because the child has a very short life expectancy from days to weeks.
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| What is Spina bifida occulta? | A defect that is not visible externally; occurs most commonly in the lumbosacral area
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| What is Spina bifida cystica? | A visible defect with a sac-like protrusion. Different forms: meningocele and myelomeningocele.
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| What is Brudzinski? | An indication of meningitis in which passive flexion of the leg on one side causes a similar movement in the opposite leg; or passive flexion of the neck causes flexion of the legs
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| What is Kernig's? | The inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed at a 90 degree angle the hamstring muscles become very stiff.
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| What are signs of ICP in infants? | Tense, BULGING FONTANELS, separated cranial sutures, irritability, HIGH-PITCHED CRYING, increased front occipital circumference, distended scalp veins, poor feeding, crying when disturbed, and SUN-SETTING SIGN.
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| What are signs of ICP in young children? | Headache, nausea, forceful vomiting, diplopia (double vision), blurred vision, and seizures
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| What is the role of antibiotics with Meningitis? | FIGHT OFF BACTERIAL INFECTION THEY ALREADY HAVE and prevent further infections
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| How long will a patient with meningitis be in isolation? | If they have unknown baterial/viral meningitis they are ISOLATED FOR 24 HRS- 10 days
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| When are anibiotics started for meninigitis? | If bacterial meningitis is suspected, antibiotics are started immediately!
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