Anatomy--Chapter 16
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| The alimentary tube extends from the mouth | to the anus
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| Accessory organs | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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| Accessory organs means | digestion does NOT take place in these organs
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| Mechanical digestion | the physical breaking up of food into smaller pieces
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| Chemical digestion | the work of the digestive enzymes
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| The oral cavity is made up of the | hard and soft palates superiorly; the cheeks laterally; and the floor of the mouth inferiorly
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| The deciduous teeth are the | baby teeth
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| Gingiva | gum
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| Periodontal membrane | lines the socket and produces a bone-like cement that anchors the tooth
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| Salivary glandds | parotid glands, submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands
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| The parotid glands are located | just below and in front of the ears
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| The submandibular glands are located | at the posterior corners f the mandible
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| The sublingual glands are located | below the floor of the mouth
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| The esophagus | a muscular tube that takes food from the pharynx to the stomach
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| Lower esophageal sphincter | a circular smooth muscles that surrounds the lumen at the junction with the stomach
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| Muscosa | The lining of the alimentary tube, which is made of epithelial tissue, areolar connective tissue and two thin layers of smooth muscle
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| The epithelium of the alimentary tube | secretes mucus, which lubricates the passage of food, and also secretes the digestive enzymes of the stomach and small intestine
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| Submucosa | made of areolar connective tissue with many blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
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| enteric nervous system | The millions of nerve fibers that are present in the digestive system
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| Meissner's plexus | The nerve networks in the submucosa
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| The one-way contractions of ______ move the food toward the anus | peristalsis
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| Auerbach's plexus | the portion of the enteric nervous system in the external muscle layer
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| The stomach is located in | the upper-left quadrant of the abdominal cavity, to the left of the liver and in front of the spleen
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| Rugae | The folds of the stomach
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| Gastric pits | The glands of the stomach
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| Mucous cells secrete | mucus
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| Chief cells secrete | pepsinogen
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| Parietal cells produce | hydrochloric acid
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| Proton pumps secrete | H+ ions into the stomach cavity
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| Duodenum | The first 10 inches of the small intestine
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| The jejenum is about ______ long | 8 feet
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| The ileum is about ______ long | 11 feet
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| The liver | consists of two large loves, right and left, and fills the upper right and center of the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm
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| Liver lobule | A roughly hexagonal column of liver cells
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| The only digestive job of the liver is producing | bile
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| Hepatic duct | takes bile out of thte liver
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| Common bile duct | The joining of the hepatic duct and cystic duct of the gallbladder
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| Emulsification | large fat globules are broke into smaller globules
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| Production of bile is stimulated by the hormone | secretin
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| Cystic duct | the part of the gallbladder that stores bile until it is needed
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| The gallbladder concentrates bile by absorbing | water
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| Gallbladder | a sac about 3 to 4 inches long located on the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver
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| Panrcreas | located in the upper left abdominal quadrant between the curve of the duodenum and the spleen, and is about inches in length.
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| The pancreas produces | enzymes that are involved in the digestion of all three types of complex food molecules
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