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Anatomy--Chapter 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The alimentary tube extends from the mouth | to the anus |
| Accessory organs | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| Accessory organs means | digestion does NOT take place in these organs |
| Mechanical digestion | the physical breaking up of food into smaller pieces |
| Chemical digestion | the work of the digestive enzymes |
| The oral cavity is made up of the | hard and soft palates superiorly; the cheeks laterally; and the floor of the mouth inferiorly |
| The deciduous teeth are the | baby teeth |
| Gingiva | gum |
| Periodontal membrane | lines the socket and produces a bone-like cement that anchors the tooth |
| Salivary glandds | parotid glands, submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands |
| The parotid glands are located | just below and in front of the ears |
| The submandibular glands are located | at the posterior corners f the mandible |
| The sublingual glands are located | below the floor of the mouth |
| The esophagus | a muscular tube that takes food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| Lower esophageal sphincter | a circular smooth muscles that surrounds the lumen at the junction with the stomach |
| Muscosa | The lining of the alimentary tube, which is made of epithelial tissue, areolar connective tissue and two thin layers of smooth muscle |
| The epithelium of the alimentary tube | secretes mucus, which lubricates the passage of food, and also secretes the digestive enzymes of the stomach and small intestine |
| Submucosa | made of areolar connective tissue with many blood vessels and lymphatic vessels |
| enteric nervous system | The millions of nerve fibers that are present in the digestive system |
| Meissner's plexus | The nerve networks in the submucosa |
| The one-way contractions of ______ move the food toward the anus | peristalsis |
| Auerbach's plexus | the portion of the enteric nervous system in the external muscle layer |
| The stomach is located in | the upper-left quadrant of the abdominal cavity, to the left of the liver and in front of the spleen |
| Rugae | The folds of the stomach |
| Gastric pits | The glands of the stomach |
| Mucous cells secrete | mucus |
| Chief cells secrete | pepsinogen |
| Parietal cells produce | hydrochloric acid |
| Proton pumps secrete | H+ ions into the stomach cavity |
| Duodenum | The first 10 inches of the small intestine |
| The jejenum is about ______ long | 8 feet |
| The ileum is about ______ long | 11 feet |
| The liver | consists of two large loves, right and left, and fills the upper right and center of the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm |
| Liver lobule | A roughly hexagonal column of liver cells |
| The only digestive job of the liver is producing | bile |
| Hepatic duct | takes bile out of thte liver |
| Common bile duct | The joining of the hepatic duct and cystic duct of the gallbladder |
| Emulsification | large fat globules are broke into smaller globules |
| Production of bile is stimulated by the hormone | secretin |
| Cystic duct | the part of the gallbladder that stores bile until it is needed |
| The gallbladder concentrates bile by absorbing | water |
| Gallbladder | a sac about 3 to 4 inches long located on the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver |
| Panrcreas | located in the upper left abdominal quadrant between the curve of the duodenum and the spleen, and is about inches in length. |
| The pancreas produces | enzymes that are involved in the digestion of all three types of complex food molecules |
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akikoandpoog
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