Psychology- chapter6
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adaptive Significance | The manner in which a particular behavior enhances an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its natural environment.
🗑
|
||||
| Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting | Classically conditioned nausea and vomiting that occur when cancer patients are exposed to stimuli associated with their treatment
🗑
|
||||
| Applied Behavior Analysis | A process in which operant conditioning is combined with scientific data collection to solve individual and societal problems
🗑
|
||||
| Aversion Theory | A form of therapy in which a conditioned stimulus that currently evokes a positive but maladaptive response is paired with a noxious, unpleasant conditioned stimulus, in an attempt to condition a repulsion toward the conditioned stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Aversive Punishment | A type of punishment in which an operant response is weakened by the subsequent presentation of a noxious stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Avoidance Conditioning | A form of learning in which an organism learns a response to avoid an undesirable consequence
🗑
|
||||
| Chaining | An operant conditioning procedure used to develop a sequence of responses by reinforcing each response with the opportunity to perform the next response
🗑
|
||||
| Classical Conditioning | Procedure in which a formerly neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response by virtue of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a similar response.
🗑
|
||||
| Cognitive Map | A mental representation of the spacial layout of an area
🗑
|
||||
| Conditioned Response | A response to a conditioned stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Conditioned Stimulus | A stimulus that comes to evoke a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Conditioned Taste Aversion | A learned repulsion to a food that formerly was neutral or desired, by virtue of pairing the food with an aversive unconditioned stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Continuous Reinforcement | A reinforcement schedule in which each response of a particular type is followed by reinforcement
🗑
|
||||
| Discrimination | The occurrence of a conditioned response to one stimulus but not to another stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Discriminative Stimulus | An antecedent stimulus that signals the likelihood of certain consequences if a response is made
🗑
|
||||
| Escape Conditioning | A form of learning in which the organism learns to perform behavior to terminate an aversive stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Exposure Therapies | Therapeutic techniques designed to extinguish anxiety responses by exposing clients to anxiety arousing stimuli or situations while preventing escape or avoidance
🗑
|
||||
| Extinction | Occurs when a conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, causing the conditioned stimulus to weaken and eventually stop occurring
🗑
|
||||
| Fixed Action Pattern | An unlearned response that is automatically triggered by a simple stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule | A reinforcement schedule in which the first response of a particular type is reinforced after a constant time interval
🗑
|
||||
| Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule | A reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is given after a constant number of responses of a particular type
🗑
|
||||
| Habituation | A decrease in the strength of a response to a repeated stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Higher-order Conditioning | A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after it is paired with another conditioned stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Insight | The sudden perception of a useful relation or solution to a problem
🗑
|
||||
| Instinctive Drift | The tendency for instinctive behaviors to override a conditioning procedure, thus making it difficult to create or maintain a conditioned response
🗑
|
||||
| Latent Learning | Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement but is not displayed until reinforcement is later introduced into the situation
🗑
|
||||
| Law of Effect | Thorndike's concept that a response followed by satisfying consequences will become more likely to occur, whereas a response followed by unsatisfying consequences will become less likely to occur
🗑
|
||||
| Learning | A relatively enduring change in an organism's behavior or performance capabilities that occurs as a result of experience
🗑
|
||||
| Negative Reinforcement | A response is strengthened by the subsequent removal of an aversive stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Observational Learning | Learning through observing the behavior of a model
🗑
|
||||
| Operant Conditioning | A type of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences, such as reinforcement and punishment
🗑
|
||||
| Operant Discrimination | An operant response occurs when a particular antecedent stimulus is present but not when another antecedent stimulus is present
🗑
|
||||
| Operant Extinction | Occurs when the absence of reinforcement for a previously reinforced response causes that response to weaken and eventually stop
🗑
|
||||
| Operant Generalization | An operant response occurs to a new antecedent stimulus that is similar to the original antecedent stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Partial Reinforcement | A reinforcement schedule in which only a portion of the responses of a particular type are followed by a reinforcer
🗑
|
||||
| Positive Reinforcement | A response is strengthened by the subsequent presentation of a stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Preparedness | The notion that animals have become biologically predisposed to learn some associations more readily than other associations
🗑
|
||||
| Primary Reinforcers | A positive reinforcer that satisfies a biological need, such as water or food
🗑
|
||||
| Punishment | A response is weakened by an outcome that follows it
🗑
|
||||
| Reinforcement | A response is strengthened by an outcome that follows it
🗑
|
||||
| Response Cost | A type of punishment in which an operant response is weakened by the subsequent removal of a stimulus that was not the cause of the original response
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary Reinforcers | Stimulus that acquires reinforcing qualities by being associated with a primary reinforcer.
🗑
|
||||
| Self-efficacy | The conviction that we can perform the behaviors necessary to produce a desired outcome
🗑
|
||||
| Shaping | An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcement begins with a behavior that the organism can already perform and then is made contingent on behaviors that increasingly approximate the final desired behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Skinners Box | An experimental chamber in which animals learn to perform operant responses, such as pressing a bar or pecking, so that the learning process can be studied
🗑
|
||||
| Social-cognitive Theory | A cognitive behavioral approach to personality developed by Bandura and Mischel that emphasizes the role of social learning, cognitive processes, and self-regulation
🗑
|
||||
| Spontaneous Recovery | The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time has passed following extinction
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulus Control | The occurrence of an operant behavior in response to a discriminative stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulus Generalization | A conditioned response occurs to stimuli other than the original conditioned stimulus, based on the similarity of these stimuli to the conditioned stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Token Economy | A procedure in which desirable behaviors are reinforced with tokens or points that can later be redeemed for other reinforcers
🗑
|
||||
| Two-factor Theory of Avoidance Learning | Maintains that avoidance learning first involves the classical conditioning of fear, followed by learning operant responses that avoid an anticipated aversive stimulus and thus are reinforced by anxiety reduction
🗑
|
||||
| Unconditioned Response | A response that is elicited by a specific stimulus without prior learning
🗑
|
||||
| Unconditioned Stimulus | A stimulus that elicits a particular reflexive or innate response without prior learning
🗑
|
||||
| Variable interval (VI) Schedule | A reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement follows the first response of a particular type that occurs after an average but variable time interval following the last reinforced response
🗑
|
||||
| Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule | A reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is based on an average but variable number of responses of a particular type
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Akile6
Popular Psychology sets