Health Assessment for Drake State Technical
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| What is the primary function of the respiratory system? | The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through respiration.
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| What are the two phases? | Inspiration and expiration.
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| What is external respiration? | The exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood through the alveolar-capillary membrane.
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| What is internal respiration? | The exchange of gases between the systemic capillaries and the tissue at the cellular level.
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| What is cellular physiological process? | The exchange of gases within the cell.
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| The respiratory system plays a key role in what? | The acid-base balance.
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| What is metabolic acidosis? | A metabolic imbalance characterized by excess of respiration increase to blow off excess carbon dioxide, which reduces the amount available to make carbonic acid.
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| What is the primary muscle of respiration? | The diaphragm.
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| What is metabolic alkalosis? | An imbalance characterized by an excess of base, the respiratory system decreases the rate and depth of respiration to conserve carbon dioxide.
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| Respiratory alkalosis results from? | Hyperventilation
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| Respiratory acidosis results from? | Hypoventilation.
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| What two opposing centers are in the medulla? | The inspiratory center and the expiratory center.
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| What does the inspiratory center do? | Stimulates the contractions of the respiratory muscles while at the same time depressing the expiratory center resulting in inhalation.
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| What does the expiration center do? | While the expiration center is stimulated, the inspiration center is depressed resulting in relaxation of the respiratory muscles and exhalation.
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| What is the most potent chemical that affects respiration? | Carbon Dioxide
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| What are the accessory muscles of the respiratory system? | The sternocleidomastoid, anterior serrati, scalene, trapezius, intercostal, and rhomboid muscles.
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| What do the accessory muscles do? | They enhance ventilation by increasing chest expansion and lung size during inspiration.
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| How do infants breathe and describe their breath sounds. | Through their nose. Their respirations are abdominal and breath sounds are louder, harsher, and more bronchial.Their rhythms are often irregular with brief periods of apnea.
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| Chinese Americans generally have what? | Smaller chests.
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| The higher incidences of respiratory problems among certain ethnic groups relates to what? | occupational and environmental factors rather than genetic factors.
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| African Americans have a higher incidence of what | respiratory disease
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| Appalachians have a higher risk of what | Black lung emphysema and TB
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| The Irish have a higher risk of what | respiratory problems related to coal mining
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| Navajo Indians have an increased risk for respiratory diseases due to what | close living quarters.
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| What purpose does coughing serve? | It is a protective, reflexive mechanism that helps maintain a patent airway.
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| What causes coughing? | Insignificant to life-threatening illnesses.
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| What is Dyspnea? | subjective sensation of breathing difficulty or shortness of breath; it may also signal underlying cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular problems or allergic reactions.
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| What causes chest pains? | It may be from cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal origins.
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| What is edema and from where does it derive? | It results from right-side congestive heart failure, a common complication of chronic obstructive lung disease.
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| What is Hypoxia? | it is increased energy expended for breathing and associated cardiac involvement accompany long-standing lung disease and contribute to the development of fatigue.
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| How many lobes does the right lung have? | three
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| How many lobes does the left lung have | Two
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| what divides the lobes? | fissures
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| What techniques of physical assessment are used to examine the respiratory system? | inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
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| Fever can occur in what | noninfectious conditions such as pulmonary embolism
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| eupnea refers to what | normal rate, depth, and rhythm of respirations.
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| tachypnea is what | increased rate; can be caused by hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, anxiety, fear, pain, compromised neurological control of breathing, sepsis, fever, or increased metabolism
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| bradypnea is what | decreased rate; results from excessive sedation, hypercapnea, compromised neurological control of breathing, or metabolic alkalosis.
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| what is shallow respiration | decreased depth may be a result of habit, fatigue, metabolic alkalosis, ascites, restrictive lung disease, chest, abdomnial or pleuric pain or neurological disorders
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| what is increased depth? | may be related to neurological disorders, hyperventilation with anxiety, or metabolic acidosis
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