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Ch 13 Respiratory
Health Assessment for Drake State Technical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary function of the respiratory system? | The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through respiration. |
| What are the two phases? | Inspiration and expiration. |
| What is external respiration? | The exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood through the alveolar-capillary membrane. |
| What is internal respiration? | The exchange of gases between the systemic capillaries and the tissue at the cellular level. |
| What is cellular physiological process? | The exchange of gases within the cell. |
| The respiratory system plays a key role in what? | The acid-base balance. |
| What is metabolic acidosis? | A metabolic imbalance characterized by excess of respiration increase to blow off excess carbon dioxide, which reduces the amount available to make carbonic acid. |
| What is the primary muscle of respiration? | The diaphragm. |
| What is metabolic alkalosis? | An imbalance characterized by an excess of base, the respiratory system decreases the rate and depth of respiration to conserve carbon dioxide. |
| Respiratory alkalosis results from? | Hyperventilation |
| Respiratory acidosis results from? | Hypoventilation. |
| What two opposing centers are in the medulla? | The inspiratory center and the expiratory center. |
| What does the inspiratory center do? | Stimulates the contractions of the respiratory muscles while at the same time depressing the expiratory center resulting in inhalation. |
| What does the expiration center do? | While the expiration center is stimulated, the inspiration center is depressed resulting in relaxation of the respiratory muscles and exhalation. |
| What is the most potent chemical that affects respiration? | Carbon Dioxide |
| What are the accessory muscles of the respiratory system? | The sternocleidomastoid, anterior serrati, scalene, trapezius, intercostal, and rhomboid muscles. |
| What do the accessory muscles do? | They enhance ventilation by increasing chest expansion and lung size during inspiration. |
| How do infants breathe and describe their breath sounds. | Through their nose. Their respirations are abdominal and breath sounds are louder, harsher, and more bronchial.Their rhythms are often irregular with brief periods of apnea. |
| Chinese Americans generally have what? | Smaller chests. |
| The higher incidences of respiratory problems among certain ethnic groups relates to what? | occupational and environmental factors rather than genetic factors. |
| African Americans have a higher incidence of what | respiratory disease |
| Appalachians have a higher risk of what | Black lung emphysema and TB |
| The Irish have a higher risk of what | respiratory problems related to coal mining |
| Navajo Indians have an increased risk for respiratory diseases due to what | close living quarters. |
| What purpose does coughing serve? | It is a protective, reflexive mechanism that helps maintain a patent airway. |
| What causes coughing? | Insignificant to life-threatening illnesses. |
| What is Dyspnea? | subjective sensation of breathing difficulty or shortness of breath; it may also signal underlying cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular problems or allergic reactions. |
| What causes chest pains? | It may be from cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal origins. |
| What is edema and from where does it derive? | It results from right-side congestive heart failure, a common complication of chronic obstructive lung disease. |
| What is Hypoxia? | it is increased energy expended for breathing and associated cardiac involvement accompany long-standing lung disease and contribute to the development of fatigue. |
| How many lobes does the right lung have? | three |
| How many lobes does the left lung have | Two |
| what divides the lobes? | fissures |
| What techniques of physical assessment are used to examine the respiratory system? | inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation |
| Fever can occur in what | noninfectious conditions such as pulmonary embolism |
| eupnea refers to what | normal rate, depth, and rhythm of respirations. |
| tachypnea is what | increased rate; can be caused by hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, anxiety, fear, pain, compromised neurological control of breathing, sepsis, fever, or increased metabolism |
| bradypnea is what | decreased rate; results from excessive sedation, hypercapnea, compromised neurological control of breathing, or metabolic alkalosis. |
| what is shallow respiration | decreased depth may be a result of habit, fatigue, metabolic alkalosis, ascites, restrictive lung disease, chest, abdomnial or pleuric pain or neurological disorders |
| what is increased depth? | may be related to neurological disorders, hyperventilation with anxiety, or metabolic acidosis |
Created by:
hunny_b
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