ch.10-ch13
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phylogenetics | -Each species retains some characteristics of its ancestor -Grouping organisms according to common properties implies that a group of organisms evolved from a common ancestor .Anatomy .Fossils .rRNA | Morphological characteristics | Useful for identifying eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||||||
Taxonomy | -The science of classifying organisms -Provides universal names for organisms -Provides a reference for identifying organisms | Differential staining | Gram staining, acid-fast staining
🗑
|
||||||||
Prokaryotic species | A population of cells with similar characteristics Culture: Grown in laboratory media Clone: Population of cells derived from a single cell Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone | Biochemical tests | Determines presence of bacterial enzymes
🗑
|
||||||||
Eukaryotic species | A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves | Serology | -Agglutination occurs in a positive sample
-Combine known antiserum plus unknown bacterium
🗑
|
||||||||
Animalia | Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic | Identification | Matching characteristics of an “unknown” organism to lists of known organisms.
-Clinical lab identification
🗑
|
||||||||
Plantae | Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic | ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | -Known antibodies
-Unknown type of bacterium
-Antibodies linked to enzyme
🗑
|
||||||||
Fungi | Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments | Flow Cytometry | -Uses differences in electrical conductivity between species
-Fluorescence of some species
-Cells selectively stained with antibody plus fluorescent dye
🗑
|
||||||||
Viral species | Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche | Nucleic Acid Hybridization | -complete hybridization: Identical
-partial hybridization: Related
-no hybridization: unrelated
🗑
|
||||||||
Classification | Placing organisms in groups of related species. Lists of characteristics of known organisms. | Domain Bacteria | -Proteobacteria:From the mythical Greek god Proteus, who could assume many shapes
🗑
|
||||||||
The Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsia - | Rickettsia: Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers -R. rickettsii: Rocky Mountain spotted fever -Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the deadliest tick fever | Alphaproteobacteria: Agrobacterium | Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor
🗑
|
||||||||
The Alphaproteobacteria:Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | -Azospirillum -Rhizobium | The Betaproteobacteria | -Bordetella:
B. pertussis
-Burkholderia:
Cepacia-common
in CF patients
Cystic fibrosis
🗑
|
||||||||
The Gammaproteobacteria :Pseudomonadales | -Pseudomonas: -Opportunistic pathogens -Metabolically diverse -Polar flagella -Common in CF patients | The Gammaproteobacteria :Legionellales | -Legionairres Disease
-L. pneumophilia
-30% mortality rate more common in older man
🗑
|
||||||||
The Gammaproteobacteria :Vibrionales | -Vibrio cholerae causes cholera -Still kills a lot in 3rd world countries Through excessive lose of chloride ion | The Epsilonproteobacteria:-Helicobacter -H. pylori | -Helicobacter
-H. pylori:
Multiple flagella
Peptic ulcers
Stomach cancer
🗑
|
||||||||
Clostridiales: Clostridium | Endospore-producing Obligate anaerobes | Chlamydias: Chlamydia trachomatis | -Trachoma: common form of blindness
-STI, urethritis
🗑
|
||||||||
Yeasts | -Unicellular fungi -Fission yeasts divide symmetrically -Budding yeasts divide asymmetrically | Sexual Reproduction: Three phases | -Plasmogamy: Haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (–)
-Karyogamy: + and – nuclei fuse
-Meiosis: Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)
🗑
|
||||||||
Ascomycota | Sac fungi | Fungal Diseases (Mycoses): 5 Mycoses | -Systemic mycoses: Deep within body
-Subcutaneous mycoses: Beneath the skin
-Cutaneous mycoses: Affect hair, skin, and nails
-Superficial mycoses: Localized, e.g., hair shafts
-Opportunistic mycoses: Caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi
🗑
|
||||||||
Lichens | -Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) and fungus -Alga produces and secretes carbohydrates; fungus provides holdfast | Three Types of Lichens | -Fruticose
-Folios
-Crustose
🗑
|
||||||||
Rhodophyta | Red algae | Chlorophyta | Green algae
🗑
|
||||||||
Diatoms | -Pectin and silica cell walls -Unicellular -Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthophylls -Store oil -Fossilized diatoms formed oil -Produce domoic acid | Dinoflagellates | -Red Tied
-Cellulose in plasma membrane
-Unicellular
-Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthins
-Store starch
-Some are symbionts in marine animals
-Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning
🗑
|
||||||||
Oomycota | -Water molds -Cellulose cell walls -Multicellular -Chemoheterotrophic -Produce zoospores | Archaezoa | Giardia lamblia: Gastrointestinal infection
🗑
|
||||||||
Amoebozoa | Entamoeba: Ammebic=Dysentory- | Euglenozoa | Trypanosoma spp.
-Sleeping sickness:African sleepning sickness and affects the brain
-Chagas’ disease: -near the Aztecs
-destroys heart
🗑
|
||||||||
The Heartworm Dirofilaria immitis | The heartworm is a type of filaria, a small thread-like worm | Arthropods as Vectors | -May transmit diseases (vectors)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda (exoskeleton, jointed legs)
Class: Insecta (6 legs)
Lice, fleas, mosquitoes
Class: Arachnida (8 legs)
Mites and ticks
🗑
|
||||||||
Arthropods as Vectors | -Mechanical transmission -Biological transmission :Microbe multiplies in vector -Definitive host :Microbe’s sexual reproduction in vector | General Characteristics of Viruses | -Obligatory intracellular parasites
-Host range is determined by specific host attachment sites and cellular factors
🗑
|
||||||||
Protista | A catchall kingdom for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms -Grouped into clades based on rRNA | DNA Chip Technology | Red:gene normal cells
Green:mutated gene tumor
Yellow: in both cells
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jsmiron
Popular Science sets