Exam 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? | redness, swelling, heat, pain, and functional impairment
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| Define swelling. | water in the interstitial space
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| Fast fibers are also called ________ and they react ____________. | A-fibers; instantaneously
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| Slow fibers are also called _________ and they _______________. | C-fibers; send signals when neighbors are injured
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| What is vasodilation controlled by? | histamine
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| Parenchymal cells | contain functioning cells of organ or body part
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| Stromal cells | contain supporting connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerve fibers
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| Labile cells | continue to regenerate, such as skin
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| Stable cells | normally stop regenerating, such as the liver
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| Permanent or fixed cells | cannot regenerate, replaced with fibrous scar tissue, such as nerve, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
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| Is there tissue loss in primary intention (1st) healing? | no tissue loss
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| Is there tissue loss in secondary (2nd) intention healing? | yes, there is tissue loss
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| What are the three phases of healing? | inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling
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| During the proliferative phase of healing, what cell is being used and what is it responsible for? | fibroblast; collagen and angiogenesis
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| What are the three layers of the heart? | pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium
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| What are the two layers of the pericardium? | parietal and visceral
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| How many liters of blood are in a 70 kilo person? | 5 liters
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| What is the MAP in the arteries? | 90-100 mm/Hg
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| What is the MAP in the small arteries? | 60-90 mm/Hg
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| What is the MAP in the arterioles? | 40-60 mm/Hg
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| What is the MAP in the capillaries? | 26-32 mm/Hg
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| What is the MAP in the veins? | 0-10 mm/Hg
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| What is the formula to calculate cardiac output (CO)? | heart rate times stroke volume (HR x SV)
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| What is cardiac output (CO)? | the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in the aorta in one minute
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| What is the normal cardiac output (CO) in a 70 kilo person? | 5,040cc/min
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| What is stroke volume (SV)? | the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one beat
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| What is the formula to calculate stroke volume (SV)? | endiostolic volume minus ensystolic volume (EDV-ESV)
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| What is endiostolic volume (EDV)? | the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
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| What is ensystolic volume (ESV)? | the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of systole
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| What is normal stroke volume (SV) in a 70 kilo person? | 70cc/beat
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| What is the formula to calculate ejection fraction (EF)? | stroke volume divided by endiostolic volume (SV÷EDV)
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| What is ejection fraction (EF)? | the percentage of blood that was in the left ventricle at the end of systole that was ejected into the aorta
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| What is a normal ejection fraction (EF)? | 65-85%
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| What two things affect endiostolic volume (EDV)? | cardiac preload and myocardial distensibility
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| What two things affect ensystolic volume (ESV)? | cardiac afterload and myocardial contractility
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| What is cardiac preload? | volume of blood in left ventricle at the end of diastole
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| What is cardiac afterload? | resistance to ejection from the chamber of the heart (left ventricle)
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| What is myocardial contractility? | speed and force of contraction
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| What is myocardial distensibility? | willingness of myocardium to stretch
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| What influences myocardial distensibility the most? | oxygen status (ATP status)
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