management of pain during labor
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| Massage is | a method to prevent pain sensations from traveling up the spinal cord.
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| Thermal stimulation technique | technique stimulates temperature receptors that interfere with pain transmission
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| Cognitive stimulation method | stimulation method where imagery, focal point or focusing on breathing patterns can serve as a distraction for painful stimuli
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| Cutaneous stimulation | involves touching, rubbing, or massaging; often decreases discomfort
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| Effleurage is what type of relaxation method? | cutaneous stimulation
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| How dilated does the cervix need to be to receive analgesics? | at least 4cm
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| Complications of an epidural block. | hypotension that can decrease utero-placental blood perfusion, itching, dehydration, hypoglycemic baby, cerebrospinal fluid leakage
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| Uses of naloxone in the newborn | as an adjunct to oxygenation, ventilation, and gentle stimulation in treating respiratory depression
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| what types of anesthesia cause a low Apgar score? | general anesthesia
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| What position would you put a pt in that has severe back pain with cxs? | on the hands and knees
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| What response comes from a pudendal block? | the perineum, vulva and rectal area are numbed for repair of episiotomy or lacerations
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| What assessment do you perform immediately after an epidural? | observe for hypotension and monitor for fetal compromise
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| Adequate pain relief is most effective if | preferences of the family and/or mother are included.
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| If a pt breathes too fast and gets lightheaded, what should you do? | have her breathe in her cupped hands.
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| What kind of pressure can you apply for lower back pain? | sacral pressure
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| What do you warn a pt about when receiving a narcotic antagonist? | pain
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| How can you help an apprehensive pt cope with labor? | the nurse can try to relieve thirst, sweating, and heat through comfort measures. Can also try repositioning and adjusting the monitoring belts
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| In full dilation, analgesics will | sedate the newborn.
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| How do endorphins affect pain? | they are natural opiate-like substances known to relieve pain
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| What does a blood patch treat? | a dural puncture that is causing a cerebrospinal fluid leakage
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| Paracervical | lidocaine injected into cervical mucosa
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| Epidural | local anesthetic injected into epidural space at fifth lumbar vertebrae
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| Spinal | local anesthetic injected into subarachnoid space
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| General | relieves pain through the loss of consciousness
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| Pudendal | local anesthetic injected transvaginally into space in front of pudendal nerve
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| How does pain threshold vary among cultures? | pain expression varies with cultural background, some cry out, others stay quiet
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| Pain during labor is a result of? | physical sources
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| What are major adverse rxns to spinals and epidurals? | hypotension that can decrease utero-placental blood perfusion, itching, dehydration, hypoglycemic baby, cerebrospinal fluid leakage
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| How do you hydrate a woman before an epidural? | ringer’s lactate solution or normal saline is used to prevent or treat dehydration
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| Are all positions acceptable if they alleviate pain if there isn’t a need for a specific position? | no, any position except supine position is acceptable
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