Orthopedic Pathologies of the elbow
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| Radial Head Fx | P outside elbow, swelling elbow jt, difficulty flex/ext elbow and pronate/sup, limited ROM, tenderness over radial head, nerve irratation posible
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| Common Flexor Tendon /Common Extensor Tendon Stain | unable to bend one or more jts in fingers, P when flexing fingers, if cut; on the palm side near skin folds, mild swelling, tenderness in palmer side
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| Overuse/Tendonitis | P!, tenderness, mild swelling
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| Radial Nerve Injury | numbness/tingling/P! back arm/forearm/hand, mm weakness in ext elbow/wrist/fingers, atrophy
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| Anterior Dislocation | deformity, swelling, loss function/ROM, elbow fixed ext, cubital fossa full with condyles of humerus
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| Posterior Dislocation | Deformity, swelling, loss function/ROM, fixed in flexion, profuse hemorage
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| Olecranon Bursitis | P! around olecranon, swelling directly over same point, limited ROM, localized heat if infected
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| MCL/LCL/Annular Ligament Sprains | swelling anterior/medial/posterior, anterior oblique band most common injured, elbow flex past 60 posterior band, decreased ROM, laxity w/ valgus, P! w/ ROM, loss function, tenderness, hemorage, ecchymosis
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| Osteochondritis Dissecans | P after exercise, loss of function, chronic swelling, atrophy, crepitus, transient locking
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| Olecranon Fracture | intense P, bruising @ elbow, rupture/abrasion overlying skin, deformity, tenderness/swelling over bone, numbness in fingers, P with ROM
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| Epiphyseal Fracture | fracture of growth plate, Salter-Harris classification, may result in abnormal growth of bone ends, deformity, swelling, pt tenderness, guarding, bruising, crepitus, P!, locked jt
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| Ulnar Nerve Contusion/Dislocation | stabbing P, loss sensation, paralysis, mm atrophy, defective reflexes, abnormal sensations 4th/5th and palmer on ulnar side, spasms/cramping 4th/5th, aching in medial elbow w/ radiating P, loss pinch strength, + tinnels, wartenberg, elbow flex test
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| Median Nerve Injury | loss strength, loss ROM in 2nd/3rd fingers, paralyzed mm's, ape thumb deformity, opponens palsy, inablity flex IP jt in thumb, decreased sensation, tingling/burning, unable to grasp
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| Volkman’s Ischemic Contracture (Acute Compartment Syndrome) | trauma, extreme P with ext mm's, burning/prickling sensations, necrosis ext. mm's, claw hand, loss sensory/motor function, edema, ulnar/median nerve palsy
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| Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis) | severe burning P lateral eblow, gradually increases, P radiates to forearm, dificulty carrying objects, P w/ wrist ext, dominant arm, difficulty pinching, weak/P grip, pt tenderness
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| Little League Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis | swelling/soreness, P throwing/movement/sharp/dull/achy, pt tenderness, stiff elbow/decreased ROM, hand/wrist weakness, burning sensation medial epicondyle
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| Supracondylar Fracture | P elbow, swelling, unable to move from P, decreased ROM, maybe vascular/neuro problems, shortened arm, open wound, high-energy trauma/significant fall
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