11icp
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| histamine | chmcl bdy makes causes inflmmtn respnse; released during injry smth ms/vascular sys increase bld flow
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| antihistamine | relieve effcts histamine on bdy organs/strctures
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| action antihstamine | blck action of histamine by cmptng c H1 rcptr site so limit vasodilation/reduce edema; limit acetylcholine=dry effect n seditive
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| uses of antihistamine | sar, perennial allergic rhinitis, perennial nonallergic rhinitis; snzing,stfnss, postnasal drip; to sleep
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| interactions antihistmines | sedative effcts incrse c cns deprrnts; strngthn anticcholinergic of MAO/antdprssnts; ototoxic effects masked; decrease crtcstrds/hrmes
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| examples antihistamines | brompheniramine, diphenhydramine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, lortadine
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| other uses of anithistamines | hives, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, reactions to plasma or blood
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| anthistamine adverse rxn | htn, hypotension,tachycardia, blurred vision, drowsiness, excitation, sedation, tinnitus, anorexia, constipation, nausea,vomitting, painful urination, urticaria, nasal congestion
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| drug interactions of antihistamine | sedative effect increases with cns depressents(hypnotics,seditives, tranqulizers, depressant analgesics,alcohol); strengthen effects of MAO adntricyclic depressants; ototoxic efffects masked; decrease effect corticosteriods and hormones
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| antihistamine teaching | give with milk,meals to limit gi effects; orally so well absorbed; check for rebound effect; tolerance, stop using for 48 hr if test for allergies,
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| alkylamines are | brompheniramine-Dimetapp; chlorpheniramine; dexchlorpheniramine-Polaramine
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| ethanolamines | diphehydramine-Benadryl,Genahist,Diphenhist, Banophen
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| antihistamines and elderly | check for dyskinesia,tremor,confusion,dizziness, extrapyramidal reactions
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| piperidines-for sar/pnar | loratadine-Claritin, fexofenadine-Allegra, cetirizine-Zyrtec
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| antitussives | relieve overactive/nonproductive coughing, narcotic acts centrally on cough center in brain and nonnarcotic acts peripherally by anesthetizing stretch receptors in resp tract n act localy to soothe irritatd areas in throught
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| antitussives adverse rxn | constipation,drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea(make pt lay down), postural hypotension
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| antitussive interactions | additive effect with CNS depressants and increase effects of aspirin
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| narcotic antitussives exmples | codeine, hydrocodone-Hycodan
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| nonnarcotic antitussives | benzonatate-tessalon perles, dextromethorphan-Vicks Formula 44,Robitussin,Benylim
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| asthma prevention med action | cromolyn slows destruction sensitized mast cells-prevents release of phospholipase
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| cromolyn/ nedocromil sodium | for managing bronchial asthma for prophylaxis, bronchospasm,chronic urticaria,ddermatitis, allergic rhinitis
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| adverse rxn to cromolyn/nedorcromil | dizziness, HA,vertigo,rash,nausea,bad mouth taste,dysuria,bronchospasm,cough,nasal congestion,, anaphylaxis, swollen parotid glands
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| drug interactions to cromolyn/nedorcromil | none reported
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| cromolyn/nedorcromil implement | inhaled because ineffective orally, 2 inhalations X 4 daily; improvement within 4 weeks
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| cromolyn/nedorcromil teach | cromolyn-clear airway of mucous before taking med,must be daily, ween off, rinse and gargle after dose, use brnchdltr first then med;
nedorcromil-press 3 times b4 1st use & repeat if unused for 7 days; regular intervals daily
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| bronchodilators | relax smooth muscles to open the bronchi for air passage; includes sympathomimetics and xanthines
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| sympathomimetics | are betaadrenergic agents that dilate bronchi through beta adrenergic receptors aka adrenergic stimulants
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| xanthines | directly relax smooth ms cells of bronchi, dilating/opening bronchi up
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| sympathomimetics action | stimulate beta2 rcptrs & alphaadrenergic rcptrs which causes vasoconstriction response 2 all bdy- bld vessels of bronchial mucosa so theres less mucus/submucosal edema & b receptors to increase hr and hearts contractions
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| sympathomimetics bronchodilators use | used for relief of bronchospasm during acute & chronic asthma/bronchitis and COPD/emphysema
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| sympathomimetics bronchodilator adverse rxns | dysrhythmias,hypotension,tachycardia,anorexia,anxiety, HA,insomnia,nausea,pallor,polyuria,restlessness,vomiting,weakness,
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| sympathomimetics effects are increased with | thyroid drugs,antidepressants(MAO/tricyclics),antihistamines,amphetamines
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| causes dysrthythmias if sympathomimetics are taken with | digitalis or diuretics, or general anesthetics
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| sympathomimetics effects blocked if | pt takes nonselective beta blockers & beta adrenergic blockers(propranolol)
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| caution sympathomimetics with what pts | pt with cardio,endocrine, or convulsive disorders
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| sympathomimetics implementation | parenterally,oral, oral inhalation(nebulizers/meter dosed inhalers MDI; protect from light,check bp/ pulse ;refractoriness
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| sympathomimetics carefully monitor for | preventing tachycardia,decreased/increased bpm nausea, ha, cns symptoms
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| xanthine derivatives action | bronchodilator relaxes smooth muscle cells in bronchi & blood vessels in lungs; kidneys produce diuresis; increase rate of breathing,metabolism release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla
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| xanthin uses | treat bronchospasm in chronic bronchial asthma,bronchitis, emphysema, neonatal apnea; acute pulumonary edema
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| xanthin adverse reactions | dsyrhythmias,flushing,hyptension,tachycardia,ha,insomnia,restlessness,diarrhea,epigastric pain, nausea,vomiting, rash
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| xanthin od rxns | resp failure, shock, extreme thirst,delirum,hyperthermia--death
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| xanthin interactions |
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