types of fluids and purpose
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Identify 4 reasons for delivering IV medication/therapy | fluid maintance,fluid replacemnt, restoration and medication delivery
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| What maintance therapy does (Crystalloid (isotonic)) | addresses the bodies daily fluid requirements provides H20, electrolytes and dextrose (shouldn't have 2 in a row)glucose. improves hepatic function calories for energy spares body protein minimises ketosis
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| Types of patients that may require maintance therapy | NPO (nill by mouth) surgical
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| Replacement therapy used when | fluid, electrolyte and blood deficiency in acute situations
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| Replacement therapy is | delivered over a 48 hour period usually isotonic
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| Types of patients that may require replacement therapy | haemorrhage low platelet count prolonged V&D starvation bowel surgery wound infections
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| Restoration therapy is | fluid and electrolyte replacement restore homeostasis concurrent losses on an ongoing basis
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| Restoration delivery | fluid ordered depends on fluid lost and blood serum levels acurate FBC is critical
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| Types of patients that may require restoration therapy | patients with fistulas abcesses nasogastric tubes burns abdominal wounds frequent changes of type of fluid ordered
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| Medication administration may be given | neat,diluted, as a bolus, over a period of time, continuous, short time from over 4 hours and intermittently
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| Client assessment issues | in balances in fluid and electrolyte levels may impact on body systems thorough client assessment is vital in detecting these imbalances
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| Maintaining PH is particulary important for | cardiac and respiratory conditions
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| Client assessment | inspection, palpation ascultation
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| Central nervous system clinical manifestations | confusion, irritability, restless, headaches, nausea and muscle spasms.
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| Cardiovascular system clinical manifestations | tachycardia,(increases to pump more blood around the body) large jugular vein, heart rhythm weak and thready, palor, clammy
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| Respiratory clinical manifestations | dyspnoea (shotness of breath) tachypnea (rapid breathing)cough, APO (acute pulmonary oedema, pink frothy sputum. crackles in breathing
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| Gastrointestinal System clinical manifestations | abdo pain, bloating, dry mucus membrane,increased abdomen and reduced peristalsis (wavelike movement in the stomach)
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| Renal system clinical manifestations | reduced output, anuria (not passing urine)skin tisues and other system symptoms
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| Musculoskeletal clinical manifestations | spasms if low, fatigue
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| Integument system manifestations | colour, gross oedema, dry, fluid leakage and turgor (assessment of fluid loss by pinching the skin etc)
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| Other issues related to IV therapy | environmental, lifestyle, medications may influence fluid balance (diuretics, steroids)acute or chronic illnessess (diabetes, renal , respiratory, gastro,increased temp (every raised degree of temp is a reduction of 150 mls of fluid) self image, psycolog
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| Infants are at | greater risk of FVD
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| Age 2-12 risks are | less tolerant to large changes regulatory mechanisms operate within an narrow range
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| Adolescence risks | adolescence are used to larger changes in fluid balance
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| Older adult risks | reduced renal blood flow and GFR and homeostasis is affected
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| Monitoring input and output | weigh at the same time, clothes and scales. 1L of water = 1 kg FBC to be acurate
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| Fluid volume excess (high) | excess consumption decrese urine output often associated with cardiac, liver and renal disorders
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| Nursing fluid overload | sit up diuretics fluid restriction vital signs education
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| Fluid volume deficit | dehydration symptoms, temp, decreased fluid intake, increased fluid output,reduced kidney function
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| Fluid volume excess clinical manifestations | oedema, LVF, SOB
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| Fluid volume deficit clinical manifestations | diabetes insipidus, gastro etc.
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| Nursing fluid deficit | vital signs, push fluids, FBC, IV therapy
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