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Purpose of IV Therap
types of fluids and purpose
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify 4 reasons for delivering IV medication/therapy | fluid maintance,fluid replacemnt, restoration and medication delivery |
| What maintance therapy does (Crystalloid (isotonic)) | addresses the bodies daily fluid requirements provides H20, electrolytes and dextrose (shouldn't have 2 in a row)glucose. improves hepatic function calories for energy spares body protein minimises ketosis |
| Types of patients that may require maintance therapy | NPO (nill by mouth) surgical |
| Replacement therapy used when | fluid, electrolyte and blood deficiency in acute situations |
| Replacement therapy is | delivered over a 48 hour period usually isotonic |
| Types of patients that may require replacement therapy | haemorrhage low platelet count prolonged V&D starvation bowel surgery wound infections |
| Restoration therapy is | fluid and electrolyte replacement restore homeostasis concurrent losses on an ongoing basis |
| Restoration delivery | fluid ordered depends on fluid lost and blood serum levels acurate FBC is critical |
| Types of patients that may require restoration therapy | patients with fistulas abcesses nasogastric tubes burns abdominal wounds frequent changes of type of fluid ordered |
| Medication administration may be given | neat,diluted, as a bolus, over a period of time, continuous, short time from over 4 hours and intermittently |
| Client assessment issues | in balances in fluid and electrolyte levels may impact on body systems thorough client assessment is vital in detecting these imbalances |
| Maintaining PH is particulary important for | cardiac and respiratory conditions |
| Client assessment | inspection, palpation ascultation |
| Central nervous system clinical manifestations | confusion, irritability, restless, headaches, nausea and muscle spasms. |
| Cardiovascular system clinical manifestations | tachycardia,(increases to pump more blood around the body) large jugular vein, heart rhythm weak and thready, palor, clammy |
| Respiratory clinical manifestations | dyspnoea (shotness of breath) tachypnea (rapid breathing)cough, APO (acute pulmonary oedema, pink frothy sputum. crackles in breathing |
| Gastrointestinal System clinical manifestations | abdo pain, bloating, dry mucus membrane,increased abdomen and reduced peristalsis (wavelike movement in the stomach) |
| Renal system clinical manifestations | reduced output, anuria (not passing urine)skin tisues and other system symptoms |
| Musculoskeletal clinical manifestations | spasms if low, fatigue |
| Integument system manifestations | colour, gross oedema, dry, fluid leakage and turgor (assessment of fluid loss by pinching the skin etc) |
| Other issues related to IV therapy | environmental, lifestyle, medications may influence fluid balance (diuretics, steroids)acute or chronic illnessess (diabetes, renal , respiratory, gastro,increased temp (every raised degree of temp is a reduction of 150 mls of fluid) self image, psycolog |
| Infants are at | greater risk of FVD |
| Age 2-12 risks are | less tolerant to large changes regulatory mechanisms operate within an narrow range |
| Adolescence risks | adolescence are used to larger changes in fluid balance |
| Older adult risks | reduced renal blood flow and GFR and homeostasis is affected |
| Monitoring input and output | weigh at the same time, clothes and scales. 1L of water = 1 kg FBC to be acurate |
| Fluid volume excess (high) | excess consumption decrese urine output often associated with cardiac, liver and renal disorders |
| Nursing fluid overload | sit up diuretics fluid restriction vital signs education |
| Fluid volume deficit | dehydration symptoms, temp, decreased fluid intake, increased fluid output,reduced kidney function |
| Fluid volume excess clinical manifestations | oedema, LVF, SOB |
| Fluid volume deficit clinical manifestations | diabetes insipidus, gastro etc. |
| Nursing fluid deficit | vital signs, push fluids, FBC, IV therapy |
Created by:
caronjones
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