Tissues and Membranes
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| There are __ major tissue groups | 4
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| The 4 major tissue groups are | Epithelial, connective, muscle & nerve
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| Epithelial tissue ______ outer surfaces | Covers
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| Epithelial tissue _____ inner surfaces | Lines
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| Epithelial tissue has no _____________ | Capillaries
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| Epithelial tissue has no capillaries so it gets nutrients from ____________ tissue below | Connective
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| Classification of epithelial tissue is based on ____ type, ______, & number of ______. | Cell, Shape, layers
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| Epithelial cell types are _______ or non ciliated | ciliated
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| The shapes of epithelial cells are | Squamous, cuboidal & columnar
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| Epithelial squamous cells are_____ | Flat
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| Epithelial cuboidal cells are ____ shaped | cube
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| Epithelial cuboidal cells are cube shaped which means they are the same ______ & ______ | height & width
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| Epithelial columnar cells are _____ shaped | column
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| Epithelial columnar cells are column shaped cells which means they are ______ than _____ | Taller than wide
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| Flat epithelial cells are called _______ | Squamous
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| There are NO capillaries in _________ tissue | Epithelial
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| A single layer of epithelial tissue is called | Simple
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| Simple epithelial consists of __ layer of cells | One
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| Stratified epithelium consists of _____ layers of cells | Many
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| Many layers of epithelial cells is called | Stratified
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| Simple squamous epithelium is a _______ layer, smooth, thin and flat | Single
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| Simple squamous epithelium is found in alveoli and ___________ | Capillaries
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| Simple squamous epithelium is found in ________ and capillaries | Alveoli
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| Simple squamous epithelium in alveoli and capillaries allow the exchange of | gas and fluid
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| Stratified squamous epithelium is _____ layers of mostly _____ cells | Many layers, flat cells
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| _________ squamous epithelium is many layers of mostly flat cells | stratified
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| In stratified squamous epithelium, _______ occurs in the lower cells | Mitosis
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| Mitosis occurs in the lower cells of ________ __________ epithelium | stratified squamous
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| Stratified squamous epithelium consists of these two types ___________ & ____________ | Keratinizing & nonkeratinizing
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| Keratinizing epithelium is only found in the | Epidermis
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| The epidermis is the only place to find | keratinizing epithelium
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| Nonkeratinizing epithelium is found in ________ membranes | Mucous
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| Mucous membranes is where you will find _____________ epithelium | nonkeratinizing
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| The oral cavity, and esophagus is where you can find ______________ epithelium | nonkeratinizing
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| Transitional epithelium is ___________ epithelium | stratified
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| Transitional epithelium is stratified epithelium found in the | urinary bladder
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| In the urinary bladder is where you will find _____________ epithelium | transitional
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| Transitional epithelium cells ________ as the bladder fills | flatten
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| Simple cuboidal epithelium is a ______ layer of _______-shaped cells | single layer, cube-shaped
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| _______ cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube-shaped cells | simple
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| Simple cuboidal epithelium is responsible for __________ & ___________ | secretion & absorption
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| Glandular epithelium is responsible for | secretion
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| Glandular epithelium is found in the | Thyroid and salivary glands
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| Simple cuboidal epithelium is responsible for ______________ in the kidney tubules (microvilli) | Reabsorption
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| Simple columnar epithelium is a ______ layer of cells that are taller than they are wide | single
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| Simple columnar epithelium is responsible for _________ & __________ | Secretion & absorption
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| Simple columnar epithelium is found in the __________ & ______ ____________ | stomach & small intestine
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| Simple columnar epithelium in the stomach secretes _______ _______ & _____ | Gastric juices & mucus
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| Simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine secretes _______ ________ & _____ | Digestive enzymes & mucus
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| Simple columnar epithelium accomplishes absorption via __________ | Microvilli
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| ________ epithelium is columnar cells with cilia | Ciliated
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| Ciliated epithelium is ________ cells with ______ | Columnar with cilia
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| Ciliated epithelium is found in the nasal cavities, ________, trachea, and bronchials | larynx
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| You can find ________ epithelium in the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and bronchials | ciliated
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| Ciliated epithelium sweeps mucus & _______ towards the nasopharynx | debris
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| Ciliated epithelium in the ________ _____ sweeps the egg towards the uterus | Fallopian tubes
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| _______ _________ in the fallopian tubes sweeps the egg towards the uterus | ciliated epithelium
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| Cells or organs that secrete something are called | Glands
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| Glands are cells or organs that ______ something | secrete
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| Glands can be unicellular or ____________ | multicellular
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| Unicellular is a ______ cell | single
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| _________ means one cell | unicellular
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| Goblet cells are ___________ | unicellular
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| Goblet cells are unicellular cells that secrete _____ | mucus
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| Mucus is secreted by goblet cells in the _________ & __________ tracts | respiratory & digestive
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| Mucus is secreted by ________ cells in the respiratory & digestive tracts | Goblet
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| Glands that are multicellular have similar or dissimilar cells that ________ secretions | combine
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| Glands that are _____________ have similar or dissimilar cells that combine secretions | multicellular
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| There are two types of multicellular cell types _________ & _________ | exocrine & endocrine
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| Exocrine glands have _____ | ducts
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| _______ glands have ducts | exocrine
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| The glands that have ducts are | exocrine glands
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| _________ glands are ductless | endocrine
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| Exocrine glands excrete onto | a surface
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| Endocrine glands secrete into | the blood or interstitial fluid
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| ________ glands secrete hormones | Endocrine
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| Thyroid, adrenal glands, and the pituitary are examples for _________ glands | Endocrine
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| Salivary, sweat, and gastric glands are examples of _________ glands | exocrine
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| Blood, areolar, adipose, fibrous, elastic, bone & cartilage are examples of __________ tissues | Connective
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| Connective tissue have both ______ & cells | matrix
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| The matrix is the structural network or solution of __________ intercellular material | Non-living
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| The ______ is the structural network or solution of non-living intercellular material | matrix
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| Blood cells consist of | White blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
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| The matrix of blood is called | plasma
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| Plasma is the _______ of the blood | matrix
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| Blood forming tissue is called | Hemopoietic
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| Hemopoietic tissue forms | blood
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| Hemopoietic tissue is found in | red bone marrow and lymphatics (spleen & lymph nodes)
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| Marrow forms RBC's, 5 types of WBC's, and _______ | platelets
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| _______ forms RBC's, 5 types of WBC's, and platelets | Marrow
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| Lymphatics for __ types of WBC's | two
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| RBC's carry O2 on ____________ | Hemoglobin
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| WBC's destroy _________ & provide __________ | pathogens & provide immunity
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| The part of blood that clots blood is | platelets
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| Platelets causes the blood to _____ | clot
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| Areolar tissue is also called ______ tissue | loose
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| Areolar cells are called ____________ | fibroblasts
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| _________ produce protein fibers | fibroblasts
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| Fibroblasts are the cells of _________ | Areolar tissue
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| Areolar matrix consists of 2 types of fibers they are _______ & ________ | Collagen & elastin
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| The 2 types of areolar matrix are | collagen & elastin
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| Collagen & elastin are ________ tissue matrix | areolar
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| Collagen is mainly ______ & _______ | strong & inelastic
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| ________ is strong & inelastic | Collagen
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| ________ is an elastic fiber | elastin
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| elastin is an _______ fiber | elastic
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| ________ tissue is found beneath epithelial tissue that have openings to the environment and the dermis of the skin | Areolar
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| Areolar tissue is found beneath _________ tissue that has openings to the environment and the dermis of the skin | epithelial
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| ______ tissue contains WBC's to fight infection | Areolar
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| Adipose tissue cells are called | adipocytes
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| Adipose tissue stores fat in cells called | adipocytes
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| Adipocytes store | fat
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| Adipose tissue matrix is made of _____ & _______ fibers | fluid & collagen
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| Fibrous connective tissue cells are called | fibroblasts
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| Fibrous connective tissue matrix is made of | collagen
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| Fibrous connective tissue is found in the outer walls of arteries, tendons, & _________ | ligaments
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| Tendons and ligaments are made of __________ ________ tissue | Fibrous connective
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| Ligaments have _________ (regular) fibers | parallel
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| Fibrous connective tissue in tendons and ligaments have _____ blood supply and heal _______ | poor, slowly
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| Fibrous connective tissue in the dermis & fascia are _________ arranged fibers | randomly
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| Randomly arranged fibrous connective tissue has a _____ blood supply | good
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| Elastic connective tissue ________ & recoils | stretches
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| Elastic connective tissue cells are called | fibroblasts
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| Elastic connective tissue matrix is mostly _____ | elastin
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| Elastin is found in | Elastic connective tissue
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| Elastic connective tissue is found in | The walls of large arteries and in alveoli
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| The walls of large arteries and alveoli contains _______ connective tissue | Elastic
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| Bone connective tissue cells are called | osteocytes
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| Osteocytes are _____ cells | bone
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| The matrix of bone connective tissue are _______ ____ & __________ | calcium salts & collagen
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| Bone connective tissue is arranged into __________ systems | haversian
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| Bone connective tissue has a _____ blood supply and therefore heals _____ | Good, fast
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| Bone connective tissue is used in the body as skeletal _______, and organ _________ | support, protection
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| Cartilage connective tissue cells are called | chondrocytes
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| Chondrocytes are what make up __________ connective tissue | cartilage
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| The matrix of cartilage is made of _______ & _________ ________ | protein & chondroitin sulfate
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| Cartilage is found on joint _______ | surfaces
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| Joint surfaces have _________ to decrease friction | cartilage
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| Cartilage connective tissue has ___ capillaries | NO
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| Cartilage gets its nutrients through _______ | diffusion
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| Cartilage has no capillaries and is _____ to heal | slow
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| Cartilage is good for ______ __________ & allows _____________ | shock absorption & allows movement
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| There are __ types of muscle tissue | three
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| The three types of muscle tissue are | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
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| Cardiac, voluntary (skeletal), and involuntary (smooth) are types of ________ tissue | muscle
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| Skeletal muscles are ________ muscles | voluntary
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| Voluntary muscles are also called | skeletal
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| Skeletal muscle cells have several ______ in each cell | nuclei
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| Skeletal muscle cells are _______ in appearance | striated (striped)
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| Striated means _______ in appearance | striped
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| Skeletal muscle cell are ___________ shaped | cylindrical
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| Skeletal muscle attaches to _____ to move the skeleton | bone
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| Each _______ cell has its own motor nerve ending | muscle
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| Skeletal muscle produces _____ to maintain body temperature | heat
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| Smooth muscle tissue is _________ or visceral | involuntary
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| Smooth muscle tissue cells have a _______ nuclei | single
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| Involuntary muscle is __________ muscle tissue | smooth
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| Smooth muscle tissue cells have no _________ | striations
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| In the GI tract, smooth muscle is responsible for __________ | peristalsis
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| In the blood vessels, ________ muscle dilates & contracts to maintain _______ _________ | smooth, blood pressure
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| Smooth muscle tissue constricts or dilates the _____ in the eye | Iris
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| _______ muscle tissue is in many visceral organs | Smooth
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| The appearance of smooth muscle tissue is | smooth
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| Cardiac muscle tissue cells are _______, single nucleus cells | Branched
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| Cardiac muscle cells have faint _________ | striations
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| Cardiac muscle tissue forms the _____________ | myocardium
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| Cardiac muscle tissue cells have __________ discs | intercalated
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| Intercalated discs are found in _________ muscle tissue | Cardiac
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| Interlocking finger-like projection of the cell membrane in cardiac muscle cells are called | intercalated discs
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| Intercalated discs allow ________ impulses to pass through from cell to cell | electrical
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| Nervous tissue cells are called | neurons
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| Neurons are _______ tissue cells | nervous
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| ________ generate and carry electrochemical impulses | neurons
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| ________ tissue has a direct role in almost every body function | Nerve
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| Nerve tissue has ___ structural divisions | two
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| The two structural divisions of the nervous tissues are the _________ _______ ________& __________ ________ _________ | Central nervous system & peripheral nervous system
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| The central nervous system consists of | The brain and spinal cord
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| The brain and spinal cord make up the _______ nervous system | Central
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| The central nervous system cells consist of ______ & __________ cells | neurons & neuroglial cells
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| The peripheral nervous system contains the _________ nerves | peripheral
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| Peripheral nerves consist of _______ & _______ cells | neurons & Schwann cells
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| Schwann cells produce the _______ sheath | myelin
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| Neurons have three parts, _______, _______ & ________ | cell body, axons & dendrites
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| The _____ body contains organelles | Cell
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| Axons carry impulses _____ from the cell body | away
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| _____ carry impulses away from the cell body | Axons
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| Dendrites carry impulses _______ the cell body | towards
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| _________ carry impulses towards the cell body | Dendrites
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| Each neuron only has one _____ | axon
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| Neurons carry electrochemical __________ | Impulses
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| Electrical impulses are converted to _________ impulses | Chemical
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| The place where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another is called | Synapse
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| The chemical impulses are called | neurotransmitters
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| The function of a neurotransmitter is to carry a nerve impulse across a | synapse
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| _________ impulses travel along the cell membrane | Electrical
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| Electrical insulation for nerve cells is provided by the | myelin sheath
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| The myelin sheath provides _________ _________ for nerve cells | electrical insulation
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| The surface area of the lining of the small intestine is increased by the presence of _________ on the lining cells | microvilli
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| The serous membrane that LINES the abdominal cavity is called the | Peritoneum
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| The peritoneum lines the ________ ______ | Abdominal cavity
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| The serous membrane that COVERS the abdominal organs is called the | mesentery
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| Serous membranes are simple squamous Epithelium that line ________ body cavities and cover organs in these cavities | Closed
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| Serous membranes secrete _________ ______ | serous fluid
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| Serous fluid reduces | friction
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| Parietal pleura LINES the | Thoracic cavity
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| The thoracic cavity is lined by the | parietal pleura
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| The visceral pleura COVERS the | Lungs
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| The lungs are covered by the | Visceral pleura
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| The visceral pericardium LINES the | fibrous pericardium
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| The fibrous pericardium is lined by the | visceral pericardium
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| The ___________ lines the abdominal cavity | peritoneum
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| The visceral pericardium is also called the | epicardium
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| The ___________ covers the abdominal organs | mesentery
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| Mucous membranes line body tracts that have openings to the ________ | Outside
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| The mucous membranes is also called the ______ | mucosa
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| The mucous membranes secrete | mucus
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| _______ keeps cells wet, lubricates, and traps dust and bacteria | mucus
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| Mucous membranes are found in the respiratory, digestive, urinary and __________ systems | reproductive
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| Connective tissue membranes are made of __________ tissue | connective
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| The superficial fascia is made of __________ tissue membranes | connective
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| Connective tissue membranes make up the | superficial fascia
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| The ____________ covers bone and anchors tendons and ligaments to bone | periosteum
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| The ____________ covers cartilage | perichondrium
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| The periosteum covers _____ and anchors tendons and ligaments to bone | bone
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| The perichondrium covers ______ | cartilage
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| Synovial membranes line synovial joint cavities and secrete ________ fluid | synovial
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| Deep fascia covers skeletal muscles and anchors tendons to | muscle
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| Meninges cover the | brain and spinal cord
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| The brain and spinal cord are covered by | Meninges
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| _______ __________ forms a sac around the heart | fibrous pericardium
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| The fluid that traps bacteria and dust in the respiratory tract is | mucus
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| _______ lubricates the digestive tract | mucus
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