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Bio110 chapter 4
Tissues and Membranes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are __ major tissue groups | 4 |
| The 4 major tissue groups are | Epithelial, connective, muscle & nerve |
| Epithelial tissue ______ outer surfaces | Covers |
| Epithelial tissue _____ inner surfaces | Lines |
| Epithelial tissue has no _____________ | Capillaries |
| Epithelial tissue has no capillaries so it gets nutrients from ____________ tissue below | Connective |
| Classification of epithelial tissue is based on ____ type, ______, & number of ______. | Cell, Shape, layers |
| Epithelial cell types are _______ or non ciliated | ciliated |
| The shapes of epithelial cells are | Squamous, cuboidal & columnar |
| Epithelial squamous cells are_____ | Flat |
| Epithelial cuboidal cells are ____ shaped | cube |
| Epithelial cuboidal cells are cube shaped which means they are the same ______ & ______ | height & width |
| Epithelial columnar cells are _____ shaped | column |
| Epithelial columnar cells are column shaped cells which means they are ______ than _____ | Taller than wide |
| Flat epithelial cells are called _______ | Squamous |
| There are NO capillaries in _________ tissue | Epithelial |
| A single layer of epithelial tissue is called | Simple |
| Simple epithelial consists of __ layer of cells | One |
| Stratified epithelium consists of _____ layers of cells | Many |
| Many layers of epithelial cells is called | Stratified |
| Simple squamous epithelium is a _______ layer, smooth, thin and flat | Single |
| Simple squamous epithelium is found in alveoli and ___________ | Capillaries |
| Simple squamous epithelium is found in ________ and capillaries | Alveoli |
| Simple squamous epithelium in alveoli and capillaries allow the exchange of | gas and fluid |
| Stratified squamous epithelium is _____ layers of mostly _____ cells | Many layers, flat cells |
| _________ squamous epithelium is many layers of mostly flat cells | stratified |
| In stratified squamous epithelium, _______ occurs in the lower cells | Mitosis |
| Mitosis occurs in the lower cells of ________ __________ epithelium | stratified squamous |
| Stratified squamous epithelium consists of these two types ___________ & ____________ | Keratinizing & nonkeratinizing |
| Keratinizing epithelium is only found in the | Epidermis |
| The epidermis is the only place to find | keratinizing epithelium |
| Nonkeratinizing epithelium is found in ________ membranes | Mucous |
| Mucous membranes is where you will find _____________ epithelium | nonkeratinizing |
| The oral cavity, and esophagus is where you can find ______________ epithelium | nonkeratinizing |
| Transitional epithelium is ___________ epithelium | stratified |
| Transitional epithelium is stratified epithelium found in the | urinary bladder |
| In the urinary bladder is where you will find _____________ epithelium | transitional |
| Transitional epithelium cells ________ as the bladder fills | flatten |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium is a ______ layer of _______-shaped cells | single layer, cube-shaped |
| _______ cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube-shaped cells | simple |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium is responsible for __________ & ___________ | secretion & absorption |
| Glandular epithelium is responsible for | secretion |
| Glandular epithelium is found in the | Thyroid and salivary glands |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium is responsible for ______________ in the kidney tubules (microvilli) | Reabsorption |
| Simple columnar epithelium is a ______ layer of cells that are taller than they are wide | single |
| Simple columnar epithelium is responsible for _________ & __________ | Secretion & absorption |
| Simple columnar epithelium is found in the __________ & ______ ____________ | stomach & small intestine |
| Simple columnar epithelium in the stomach secretes _______ _______ & _____ | Gastric juices & mucus |
| Simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine secretes _______ ________ & _____ | Digestive enzymes & mucus |
| Simple columnar epithelium accomplishes absorption via __________ | Microvilli |
| ________ epithelium is columnar cells with cilia | Ciliated |
| Ciliated epithelium is ________ cells with ______ | Columnar with cilia |
| Ciliated epithelium is found in the nasal cavities, ________, trachea, and bronchials | larynx |
| You can find ________ epithelium in the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and bronchials | ciliated |
| Ciliated epithelium sweeps mucus & _______ towards the nasopharynx | debris |
| Ciliated epithelium in the ________ _____ sweeps the egg towards the uterus | Fallopian tubes |
| _______ _________ in the fallopian tubes sweeps the egg towards the uterus | ciliated epithelium |
| Cells or organs that secrete something are called | Glands |
| Glands are cells or organs that ______ something | secrete |
| Glands can be unicellular or ____________ | multicellular |
| Unicellular is a ______ cell | single |
| _________ means one cell | unicellular |
| Goblet cells are ___________ | unicellular |
| Goblet cells are unicellular cells that secrete _____ | mucus |
| Mucus is secreted by goblet cells in the _________ & __________ tracts | respiratory & digestive |
| Mucus is secreted by ________ cells in the respiratory & digestive tracts | Goblet |
| Glands that are multicellular have similar or dissimilar cells that ________ secretions | combine |
| Glands that are _____________ have similar or dissimilar cells that combine secretions | multicellular |
| There are two types of multicellular cell types _________ & _________ | exocrine & endocrine |
| Exocrine glands have _____ | ducts |
| _______ glands have ducts | exocrine |
| The glands that have ducts are | exocrine glands |
| _________ glands are ductless | endocrine |
| Exocrine glands excrete onto | a surface |
| Endocrine glands secrete into | the blood or interstitial fluid |
| ________ glands secrete hormones | Endocrine |
| Thyroid, adrenal glands, and the pituitary are examples for _________ glands | Endocrine |
| Salivary, sweat, and gastric glands are examples of _________ glands | exocrine |
| Blood, areolar, adipose, fibrous, elastic, bone & cartilage are examples of __________ tissues | Connective |
| Connective tissue have both ______ & cells | matrix |
| The matrix is the structural network or solution of __________ intercellular material | Non-living |
| The ______ is the structural network or solution of non-living intercellular material | matrix |
| Blood cells consist of | White blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets |
| The matrix of blood is called | plasma |
| Plasma is the _______ of the blood | matrix |
| Blood forming tissue is called | Hemopoietic |
| Hemopoietic tissue forms | blood |
| Hemopoietic tissue is found in | red bone marrow and lymphatics (spleen & lymph nodes) |
| Marrow forms RBC's, 5 types of WBC's, and _______ | platelets |
| _______ forms RBC's, 5 types of WBC's, and platelets | Marrow |
| Lymphatics for __ types of WBC's | two |
| RBC's carry O2 on ____________ | Hemoglobin |
| WBC's destroy _________ & provide __________ | pathogens & provide immunity |
| The part of blood that clots blood is | platelets |
| Platelets causes the blood to _____ | clot |
| Areolar tissue is also called ______ tissue | loose |
| Areolar cells are called ____________ | fibroblasts |
| _________ produce protein fibers | fibroblasts |
| Fibroblasts are the cells of _________ | Areolar tissue |
| Areolar matrix consists of 2 types of fibers they are _______ & ________ | Collagen & elastin |
| The 2 types of areolar matrix are | collagen & elastin |
| Collagen & elastin are ________ tissue matrix | areolar |
| Collagen is mainly ______ & _______ | strong & inelastic |
| ________ is strong & inelastic | Collagen |
| ________ is an elastic fiber | elastin |
| elastin is an _______ fiber | elastic |
| ________ tissue is found beneath epithelial tissue that have openings to the environment and the dermis of the skin | Areolar |
| Areolar tissue is found beneath _________ tissue that has openings to the environment and the dermis of the skin | epithelial |
| ______ tissue contains WBC's to fight infection | Areolar |
| Adipose tissue cells are called | adipocytes |
| Adipose tissue stores fat in cells called | adipocytes |
| Adipocytes store | fat |
| Adipose tissue matrix is made of _____ & _______ fibers | fluid & collagen |
| Fibrous connective tissue cells are called | fibroblasts |
| Fibrous connective tissue matrix is made of | collagen |
| Fibrous connective tissue is found in the outer walls of arteries, tendons, & _________ | ligaments |
| Tendons and ligaments are made of __________ ________ tissue | Fibrous connective |
| Ligaments have _________ (regular) fibers | parallel |
| Fibrous connective tissue in tendons and ligaments have _____ blood supply and heal _______ | poor, slowly |
| Fibrous connective tissue in the dermis & fascia are _________ arranged fibers | randomly |
| Randomly arranged fibrous connective tissue has a _____ blood supply | good |
| Elastic connective tissue ________ & recoils | stretches |
| Elastic connective tissue cells are called | fibroblasts |
| Elastic connective tissue matrix is mostly _____ | elastin |
| Elastin is found in | Elastic connective tissue |
| Elastic connective tissue is found in | The walls of large arteries and in alveoli |
| The walls of large arteries and alveoli contains _______ connective tissue | Elastic |
| Bone connective tissue cells are called | osteocytes |
| Osteocytes are _____ cells | bone |
| The matrix of bone connective tissue are _______ ____ & __________ | calcium salts & collagen |
| Bone connective tissue is arranged into __________ systems | haversian |
| Bone connective tissue has a _____ blood supply and therefore heals _____ | Good, fast |
| Bone connective tissue is used in the body as skeletal _______, and organ _________ | support, protection |
| Cartilage connective tissue cells are called | chondrocytes |
| Chondrocytes are what make up __________ connective tissue | cartilage |
| The matrix of cartilage is made of _______ & _________ ________ | protein & chondroitin sulfate |
| Cartilage is found on joint _______ | surfaces |
| Joint surfaces have _________ to decrease friction | cartilage |
| Cartilage connective tissue has ___ capillaries | NO |
| Cartilage gets its nutrients through _______ | diffusion |
| Cartilage has no capillaries and is _____ to heal | slow |
| Cartilage is good for ______ __________ & allows _____________ | shock absorption & allows movement |
| There are __ types of muscle tissue | three |
| The three types of muscle tissue are | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
| Cardiac, voluntary (skeletal), and involuntary (smooth) are types of ________ tissue | muscle |
| Skeletal muscles are ________ muscles | voluntary |
| Voluntary muscles are also called | skeletal |
| Skeletal muscle cells have several ______ in each cell | nuclei |
| Skeletal muscle cells are _______ in appearance | striated (striped) |
| Striated means _______ in appearance | striped |
| Skeletal muscle cell are ___________ shaped | cylindrical |
| Skeletal muscle attaches to _____ to move the skeleton | bone |
| Each _______ cell has its own motor nerve ending | muscle |
| Skeletal muscle produces _____ to maintain body temperature | heat |
| Smooth muscle tissue is _________ or visceral | involuntary |
| Smooth muscle tissue cells have a _______ nuclei | single |
| Involuntary muscle is __________ muscle tissue | smooth |
| Smooth muscle tissue cells have no _________ | striations |
| In the GI tract, smooth muscle is responsible for __________ | peristalsis |
| In the blood vessels, ________ muscle dilates & contracts to maintain _______ _________ | smooth, blood pressure |
| Smooth muscle tissue constricts or dilates the _____ in the eye | Iris |
| _______ muscle tissue is in many visceral organs | Smooth |
| The appearance of smooth muscle tissue is | smooth |
| Cardiac muscle tissue cells are _______, single nucleus cells | Branched |
| Cardiac muscle cells have faint _________ | striations |
| Cardiac muscle tissue forms the _____________ | myocardium |
| Cardiac muscle tissue cells have __________ discs | intercalated |
| Intercalated discs are found in _________ muscle tissue | Cardiac |
| Interlocking finger-like projection of the cell membrane in cardiac muscle cells are called | intercalated discs |
| Intercalated discs allow ________ impulses to pass through from cell to cell | electrical |
| Nervous tissue cells are called | neurons |
| Neurons are _______ tissue cells | nervous |
| ________ generate and carry electrochemical impulses | neurons |
| ________ tissue has a direct role in almost every body function | Nerve |
| Nerve tissue has ___ structural divisions | two |
| The two structural divisions of the nervous tissues are the _________ _______ ________& __________ ________ _________ | Central nervous system & peripheral nervous system |
| The central nervous system consists of | The brain and spinal cord |
| The brain and spinal cord make up the _______ nervous system | Central |
| The central nervous system cells consist of ______ & __________ cells | neurons & neuroglial cells |
| The peripheral nervous system contains the _________ nerves | peripheral |
| Peripheral nerves consist of _______ & _______ cells | neurons & Schwann cells |
| Schwann cells produce the _______ sheath | myelin |
| Neurons have three parts, _______, _______ & ________ | cell body, axons & dendrites |
| The _____ body contains organelles | Cell |
| Axons carry impulses _____ from the cell body | away |
| _____ carry impulses away from the cell body | Axons |
| Dendrites carry impulses _______ the cell body | towards |
| _________ carry impulses towards the cell body | Dendrites |
| Each neuron only has one _____ | axon |
| Neurons carry electrochemical __________ | Impulses |
| Electrical impulses are converted to _________ impulses | Chemical |
| The place where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another is called | Synapse |
| The chemical impulses are called | neurotransmitters |
| The function of a neurotransmitter is to carry a nerve impulse across a | synapse |
| _________ impulses travel along the cell membrane | Electrical |
| Electrical insulation for nerve cells is provided by the | myelin sheath |
| The myelin sheath provides _________ _________ for nerve cells | electrical insulation |
| The surface area of the lining of the small intestine is increased by the presence of _________ on the lining cells | microvilli |
| The serous membrane that LINES the abdominal cavity is called the | Peritoneum |
| The peritoneum lines the ________ ______ | Abdominal cavity |
| The serous membrane that COVERS the abdominal organs is called the | mesentery |
| Serous membranes are simple squamous Epithelium that line ________ body cavities and cover organs in these cavities | Closed |
| Serous membranes secrete _________ ______ | serous fluid |
| Serous fluid reduces | friction |
| Parietal pleura LINES the | Thoracic cavity |
| The thoracic cavity is lined by the | parietal pleura |
| The visceral pleura COVERS the | Lungs |
| The lungs are covered by the | Visceral pleura |
| The visceral pericardium LINES the | fibrous pericardium |
| The fibrous pericardium is lined by the | visceral pericardium |
| The ___________ lines the abdominal cavity | peritoneum |
| The visceral pericardium is also called the | epicardium |
| The ___________ covers the abdominal organs | mesentery |
| Mucous membranes line body tracts that have openings to the ________ | Outside |
| The mucous membranes is also called the ______ | mucosa |
| The mucous membranes secrete | mucus |
| _______ keeps cells wet, lubricates, and traps dust and bacteria | mucus |
| Mucous membranes are found in the respiratory, digestive, urinary and __________ systems | reproductive |
| Connective tissue membranes are made of __________ tissue | connective |
| The superficial fascia is made of __________ tissue membranes | connective |
| Connective tissue membranes make up the | superficial fascia |
| The ____________ covers bone and anchors tendons and ligaments to bone | periosteum |
| The ____________ covers cartilage | perichondrium |
| The periosteum covers _____ and anchors tendons and ligaments to bone | bone |
| The perichondrium covers ______ | cartilage |
| Synovial membranes line synovial joint cavities and secrete ________ fluid | synovial |
| Deep fascia covers skeletal muscles and anchors tendons to | muscle |
| Meninges cover the | brain and spinal cord |
| The brain and spinal cord are covered by | Meninges |
| _______ __________ forms a sac around the heart | fibrous pericardium |
| The fluid that traps bacteria and dust in the respiratory tract is | mucus |
| _______ lubricates the digestive tract | mucus |
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pamela0116
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