Lab values for KVCC nursing 2011-2
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| Hgb Hemoglobin g/dl | carries O2
Adult Male: 13-17 Female: 12-15
Pregnant: > 11.0 Child 11.0 to 16.0
Infant: 10.0 to 15.0
Newborn: Term: 14.0 to 24.0
Preterm: 15.0 to 17.0
Elderly Both Sexes: 10.0 to 17.0
•Meds can alter values
•pregnancy values can be lower10 to
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| Hct Hematocrit % | RBCs in a given concentration
Adult
Male: 39 to 51
Female: 36 to 45
Pregnant: >33
Child 31 to 43
Infant: 30 to 40
Newborn:
Term: 44 to 64
Preterm: 45 to 55
Elderly Male: 36 to 56
Female 30 to 54
• Pregnancy values are usually decrease
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| RBC Red Blood Cell Count million/mm3 | Carries O2 to the lungs and tissues
Adult Male: 4.4-5.7 Female: 4.0-5.3
Pregnant: 5.0-6.25 Child 3.8-5.5
Infant: 3.8-5.5
Newborn: Term: 4.8-7.1
Preterm: 4.8-7.1
Elderly Both Sexes: 3.0-5.0
•Preg. values are usually decreased
•Meds can alte
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| RBC Indices | Assessment for anemia
MCV- mean cell volume
MCH-weight of the Hgb
MCHC- concentration of the Hgb
RDW – cell size
Retic Ct.- immature RBCs
Adult
80-95 mm3
27-31 pg
32-36g/dl
11-14.5%
0.5%-3.1%
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| Platelet Count | Total number of platelets in the blood function hemostasis
Adult
150,000-400,000/cumm • High altitudes, exercise, and chronic cold weather increases platelet counts
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| SED Rate Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) mm/hr | Rate at which RBCs settle in unclotted blood
Adult Male: 1-10 Female: 1-20
Pregnant: elevated
Child: 3-13 Infant: 3-13 Newborn: 0-2
Elderly Male: 15-20 Female: 20-30
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| WBC White Blood Cell Count 1000/mm3 Total number of circulating WBCs | Adult: 4.0-10
Preg: 5.0-15
Child 5.0-10
Infant: 5.0-17.5
Newborn: Term: 9.0-30.0
Preterm: 10-20
Elderly Male: 4.25-14
Female: 3.1-12
•Anesthetics, stress, exercise, convulsions can increase
•Meds can decrease
•24-48 hours postpartum up to 25.0
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| Neutrophils | First to respond in an infectious process
Adult
38-78%
Neutophils exist only 6 hrs. When produced in increased amounts become immature “bands or “stabs” which enter the circulation.
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| Eosinophils | Increased in allergic reactions
Adult
1-5%
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| Basophils | Involved in allergic reactions and anaphylaxis
Adult
0-2%
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| Lymphocytes | Involved in humoral & cellular immunity
T cells & B cells
Adult
34%
T cells– cellular immunity
B-cells- humoral immunity
(IGG, IGM, IGE,IGD,IGA)
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| Monocytes | Phagocytizes bacteria
Adult
1-8%
Become macrophages when they are in the vascular system
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| Bleeding Time | Evaluates the time it takes for adequate hemostasis
Adult
1-9 minutes
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| PT Prothrombin Time Seconds | Extrinsic clotting mechanism measures the time it takes for clot formation.
Adult: 11-12.5 sec
Slight ↓ in preg
Child 12-14
Newborn/Neonate: 12-20
Elderly Same as adult
• Used in regulating Coumadin therapy
• Therapeutic range 1.5 to 2.5 times norm
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| PTT Partial Prothrombin Time Seconds | Intrinsic clotting mech. measures the # of seconds to clot blood
Adult 25-35 sec Slight ↓ in preg
Child <60
Newborn <90
Elderly Same as adult
•Used to regulate heparin therapy. Dont draw from arm where hep. is infusing
•Therap. range is 1.5-2.5 x no
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| APTT Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Seconds | Adult Both Sexes: 35 to 45
Child Same as adult
Infant: <90
Elderly Same as adult
• Therapeutic range is 2 times normal/control
• used in regulating heparin therapy
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| INR International Standard Thromboplastin Index Standardized PT value | Adult 0.7-1.2
Child Same as adult
Elderly Same as adult
• Therapeutic range is 1.5 to 2.5 times normal/control
• Used to monitor the effects of oral anticoagulation
• Therapeutic range is 2.0 to 3.0
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| Calcium mg/dl | Electrolyte that affects the nervous system, muscle contraction and blood coagulation
Adult 8.5 - 10.5
Child Same as adult
Infant: 9.0 to 11.0
Newborn: 7.0 to 12.0
Elderly 8.5 to 10.5
• Use of Thiazide diuretics can cause increased calcium values
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| Chloride mEq/L | Electrolyte that maintains pH and water balance
Adult 95 to 105
Child 101 to 105
Infant: 95 to 110
Newborn: 93 to 112
Elderly 94 to 106
• Do not collect from arm with infusing IV solution
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| Potassium mEq/L | Important in muscle function, conduction of the heart and acid base balance
Adult 3.5 to 5.5
Child 3.5 to 4.7
Infant: 4.1 to 5.3
Newborn: 5.0 to 7.7
Neonate (cord): 5.6 to 12.0
Elderly 3.5 to 5.6
Potassium mEq/L
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| Sodium mEq/L | Important in water balance and conduction of the nerve tissue
Adult 135 to 145
Child 138 to 145
Infant: 139 to 146
Newborn: 139 to 162
Elderly Male: 134 to 147
Female: 135 to 145
• Do not collect from arm with infusing IV solution
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| Magnesium mg/DL | Reflects metabolic and neuromuscular activity and myocardial functioning
Adult 1.5 - 2.5
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| Alkaline Phosphatase IU/L | high in bone and liver disease
Adult Male: 19-74
Female: 12-63
Preg: high week 12 to 6 weeks postpartum
Child: 90-230
Adolescent: 100-250
Infant: 100-330 Newborn: 50-275
Elderly Male: 19-74
Female: 12-64
•Hepatoxic meds admind within 12º can alt
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| Albumin g/dl | Plasma protein
Adult Both Sexes: 3.5 to 5.0
Pregnant: Slight
Child 4.0 to 5.8
Infant: 4.4 to 5.3
Newborn: 3.6 to 5.4
Elderly 3.2 to 4.5
• No special preparation
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| Ammonia ug/dl | The liver converts ammonia (waste product of nitrogen) to urea. Rises in liver failure.
Adult 20-120
• Instruct the patient to refrain from smoking and to fast 8 to 10 hours before the test.
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| Amylase u/l | pancreatic enzyme that facilitates carbohydrate digestion
Adult 25-151
• Some medications can cause false negative/positive results
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| Bilirubin Total mg/dl | Byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown. Made by the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
Adult/child 0.1-1.2
Infant/Newborn 0-1 day: <6
1-2 day: <8
3-5 day: <12
After 5 days: <1
Elderl 0.2-1.2
•NPO but water 8-12 h. prior
•high w/ use of alcohol or morphine
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| Bilirubin Direct mg/dl | Adult 0.1 to 0.4
Child Same as adult
Infant/Newborn 0 to 1.0
Elderly 0.1 to 0.4
• Same as for bilirubin total
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| Cholesterol mg/dl | lipid present in all body tissues
Adult <200
Child 120-240
Infant: 70-175
Newborn: 45-170
Over 40: 200-210
Over 65: 150 to 250
• NPO except for water 10 to 12 hours prior to testing
• Smoking and a diet high in lipids can affect fractionation
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| LDL | Low density lipoprotein
Adult < 100
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| HDL | High density lipoprotein
Adult Male: > 40mg/dl
Female: > 50mg/dl
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| Triglycerides mg/dl | Adult <150
Child 30 to 150
Infant/Newborn: 5 to 40
Elderly 160 to 190
• NPO 12 hours before testing
• No alcohol for 24 hours before test
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| Iron mcg/dl | Important in blood cell production
Adult 65 to 175
Child 50 to 120
Infant: 40 to 100
Newborn: 100 to 250
Elderly Same as adult
• Preferred but not necessary to be NPO 8 hours prior to testing
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| TIBC Total Iron Binding Capacity mcg/dl | Provides an estimate of total iron storage and reflective of nutritional status
Adult 250 to 450
Child 350 to 450
Infant: 100 to 400
Newborn: 60 to 175
Elderly Same as adult
• None
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| Lipase units/L | Pancreatic fat enzyme
Adult 10 -140
Elevated in pancreatic disorders
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| Protein Total g/dl | Regulates osmotic pressure, contributes in coagulation factors and is needed for tissue growth and repair
Adult 6.0 to 8.2
Child 6.2 to 8.0
Newborn: 4.6 to 7.6
Elderly 6.0 to 7.8
• Avoid fat diet for 8 hours prior to testing
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| Uric Acid mg/dl | Is a purine metabolized from dietary protein
Adult Male: 4.5 – 8.0
Female: 2.5 - 6.2
Aminophylline, caffeine and vitamin C may falsely elevate
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| Glucose mg/dl | Chief source of cellular energy
Adult 70-100
Child 60-100
Infant: 60-100
Newborn: 30-80
Elderly 70-110
• NPO except for water 8 hours prior to testing
• Caffeine can cause increased values
• Used to diagnose diabetes
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| Glycoslated hemoglobin | Blood glucose bound to hemoglobin
Adult ≤ 7.0%
• Long term measure of glucose control
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| Glucose Tolerance Test mg/dl | Evaluates the metabolism of glucose over a 2 hour period
Adult < 140
• NPO except for water 8 hours prior to testing
• Used to diagnose diabetes
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| AST/SGOT aspartate aminotransferease IU/L | Adult AST/SGOT: 5-40
Child AST/SGOT 5-40
Infant/Newborn AST/SGOT 20-160
Elderly AST, SGOT: Slightly higher than adult
• Exercise may cause an increased value
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| ALT/SGPT alanine aminotransferase U/ml | Reflects liver function
Adult ALT/SGPT: 5-35
Child ALT/SGPT 5-35
Infant/Newborn ALT/SGPT 5-70
Elderly ALT, SGPT: Slightly higher than adult
• Exercise may cause an increased value
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| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) unit/L | Nonspecific indicator of liver disease, bone disease, or hyperparathyroidism.
Adult 20-130
• Fatty food intake should be avoided 2-4 hours before the test
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| CPK Creatine Phosphokiinase U/L | Reflects tissue catabolism from cell trauma
Adult Male: 17-148
Female: 10-79
Child > 100
Newborn: 10-300
Elderly Same as adult
• Specimen must not be stored prior to running test
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| CPK-MB mg/Ml | Specific for cardiac muscle damage
Adult <7.0
• Invasive procedures and intravenous cellular injections may elevate CPK levels falsely.
• Avoid alcohol 24º prior to test.
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| LDH Lactic Dehydrogenase IU/L | Enzyme present in the heart, kidneys, brain, liver, and skeletal muscles
Adult 60-220
Child Male: 50-150
Female: 40-140
Newborn: 300-1500 then same as child
Elderly 71-207
• No IM injections 8 to 12 hours prior to testing
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| Troponin T or I ng/mL | Regulatory protein found in skeletal and myocardial muscle
Adult 0.6-1.5 (T)
Adult 0.1 - 0.2 (I)
• Elevated in myocardial infarction. Measured serially and can detect the presence of an MI up to 10 days.
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| Creatinine mg/dl | measures breakdown of creatine phosphate used in muscle (excreted only by kidneys)
Adult/child 0.7-1.5
Up to 1 yr: 0.3-1.1
Eld. 0.6-1.8
•Pref. but not nec. to be NPO 8 hours before test
•Ratio of 20:1, Creatinine to BUN means adequate kidney function
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| Urea Nitrogen mg/dl | Urea is a byproduct of hepatic protein metabolism which is secreted by the kidney
Adult 4-22
Child >20
Infant/Newborn: 5-15
Elderly 8-18
• Reflects the liver’s ability to make urea, thus an indirect measure of renal function
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| pH | Measure of hydrogen ion concentration in the arterial blood
Adult/child/elderly 7.35-7.45
Pregnant: 7.40-7.45
Newborn: 7.32-7.40
• Specimen must be heparinized and must be iced for transport
• Direct pressure to puncture site must be maintained
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| Pco2 mmHg | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood
Adult/child/eld 35-45
Pregnant: 27-32
Newborn: 26-41
Infant: 27-41
• Specimen must be heparinized and must be iced for transport
• Direct pressure to puncture site must be maintained
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| Po2 mmHg | Partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood
Adult/child/eld 80-100
Pregnant: 104-108
Newborn: 60-70
Infant: 83-108
• Specimen must be heparinized and must be iced for transport
• Direct pressure to puncture site must be maintained
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| HCO3 mEq/L | Principal buffer excreted and produced by the kidney
Adult/chld/eld 21-28
Pregnant: 18-31
Newborn: 16-24
Infant: 21-28
• Specimen must be heparinized and must be iced for transport
• Direct pressure to puncture site must be maintained
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| HCO3 or CO2 Content | “venous”
Adult 22-28
Child Same as adult
Infant/Newborn Same as adult
Elderly Same as adult
• None
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| O2 saturation % | Measures hemoglobin molecules' saturation of oxygen
Adult/child 95-100
Newborn: 85-90
Infant: 95-99
Elderly 95
•Specimen must be heparinized and iced for transport
•Direct pressure to puncture site must be maintained
•Can be effected by temp. cha
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