Lab values pertinent to musculoskeletal disorders
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| Define Antinuclear Antibodies. | ANAs destroy the nucleus of cells where the DNA lives
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| What does a positive ANA test indicate? | not definitive but indication of auto-antibodies suggesting the presence of an autoimmune disease
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| Give some examples of conditions that would result in a positive ANA test. | Scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus
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| What is the normal reference value for Calcium in adults? | 9-11mg/dL
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| Why do we care about Calcium values when we are monitoring a client neuromuscular function? | Calcium is one of the most abundant electrolytes in the body that causes neuromuscular irritability and contractions
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| List some possible causes of low serum calcium levels. | osteomalacia, inadequate dietary intake, renal disease, hypoparathyroidism
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| What dietary choices would you recommend to a client with low serum calcium? | Green vegetables, broccoli, sardines, salmon with bone, diary- milk, cheese, yogurt
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| List some possible causes of high serum calcium levels. | bone neoplasm, multiple fractures, immobilization, renal calculi, hyperparathyroidism
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| What is the normal reference value for serum phosphorus? | 2.5 – 4.5 mg/dL
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| What relationship exists between calcium and phosphorus levels? | inverse
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| What are some possible causes of low serum phosphorus? | hypercalcemia, starvation, malabsorption syndrome, osteomaliacia, vitamin D deficiency
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| What are some possible causes of high serum phosphorus? | healing fractures, metastatic bone tumors, renal failure, and hypocalcemia
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| What is the normal reference value for Rheumatoid Factor? | negative to <1:20
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| Define the RF test. | screening blood test used to detect antibodies (IGM, IGA, or IGG) foundin clients with rheumatoid arthritis, but may be indicative of disease other than rheumatoid arthritis
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| What is the normal value for ESR? | <20mm/hr
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| Define the ESR test. | nonspecific serologic test that measures the rate at which RBCs settle out of unclotted blood in mm/hr
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| What does an elevated ESR indicate? | inflammatory process such as in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and osteomyelitis
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| What is the normal value for Uric Acid in males? | 4.5 -6.5mg/dL
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| What is the normal Uric Acid value for females? | 2.5-5.5 mg/dL
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| What is Uric Acid? | the end product of purine metabolism
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| How is uric acid normally eliminated from the body? | the kidneys
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| What does an uric acid test tell us? | usually used to monitor serum uric acid levels in the treatment of gout, also may be used to diagnose other health problems
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| What are some possible causes of elevated uric acid levels? | gout, poor renal function, excessive purine metabolism, excessive dietary intake of purine foods
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| What foods are high in purines? | anchovies, sardines, oils, herring, organ meat (liver, kidney, and sweetbreads), legumes (dried beans and peas), gravies, mushrooms, spinach, asparagus, cauliflower, consommé, and baking or brewer's yeast
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