Biology 1406 Quiz #1
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| Order of Life | Without order of an organism, there would be no life
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| Evolutionary Adaptation | Organisms must change and adapt to their environment in order to survive
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| Response to Environment | All living things must respond to the environment it's living in.
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| Regulation | The process of regulation helps sustain the living organism's bodily functions. Part of the metabolic process by storing nutrients.
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| Reproduction | Reproduce with their own kind
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| Energy Processing | Metablism is the ability for an organism to make energy
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| Growth and Development | Inherited information carried by genes controls the pattern of growth and development of organisms.
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| DNA | chromosomes have almost all the cells genetic material
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| Chromosomes | made up of DNA
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| Gene | codes for a trait
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| Nucleotide | 3 parts
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| Phosphate | 1 part of a nucleotide
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| Pentose Sugar | 1 part of a nucleotide
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| Deoxyribose | 1 part of a nucleotide
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| 5 Carbon Sugar | bonded with 1 of 4 nitrogen bases
A - Adonine
T - Thymine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine
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| Phototropism | plats require light
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| Adenine bonds with | Thymine
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| Thymine bonds with | Adenine
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| Cytosine bonds with | Guanine
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| Guanine bonds with | Cytosine
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| ATP means | Adenosine Tri Phosphate
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| Tropism | orientation towards or aways from the light
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| Phototropism | hormones are chemical messengers
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| Auxin hormone | cell walls loosen, allowing plant to bend toward the light
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| Homeostasis | body's ability to maintain an internal equilibrium regardless of external stimuli
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| Kinetic energy | motion
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| potential energy | stored
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| chemical energy | stored in chemical bonds
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| hypothalamus | body temperature.
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| ATP | used on a cellular level
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| ATP | basic source of energy
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| Ecdysome | triggered by brain hormone in Larval stage
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| Asexual Cellular | cell does not require gametes - reproductive cells
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| female cells | ova o
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| mitosis | cell maintence through growth and repair
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| Meiosis | occurs in gonads
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| Gonads | reproductive organs
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| purpose of meiosis | produce eggs and sperm
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| 4 structures of a cell | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, free ribosome
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| 3 Domains | Eukarya - each
Archaea - ant
Bacteria - bites
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| Binomial System of Nomenclature | Genus/Species
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| 5 Kingdoms | Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
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| Prokaryotic | Unicellular
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| Eukaryotic | Multi-cellular
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| Prokaryotic | Unicellular
-monera
-proteist
-yeast
-algea
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| Eukaryotic | Multicellular
-Plantae
-Animalia
-Fungi
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| Ecology | Study of organisms
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| Ecosystem | where orgamisms reside
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| Autotrophic | self feeders, i.e. plants
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| Consumers | heterotrophic
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| Heterotrophic | other feeders
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| 3 subatomic particles | protrons
electrons
neutrons
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| Protons | positive charge
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| Electrons | negative charge
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| Nuetrons | neutral charge
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| Atomic Nucleus | protons and neutrons (P+N)
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| Daltons | a measure of mass for atoms
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| Valence Shell | the outer most shell of an atom
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| Valence Electron | electrons in the outer most shell of an atom
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| Electron Shells | followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus
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| Potential energy | energy that matter possesses
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| isotopes | varying atomic form of an element
vary on the number of neutrons and atomic weights
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| radioactive isotopes | isotopes that spontaneously decays (atomic nucleus) releasing radioactive particles
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| Valence (bonding capacity) | # of unpaired electrons in the valence shell
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| Rules of engagement #1 | atom w/1 energy shell is stable with a total of 2 electrons
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| Rules of engagement #2 | atom with more than 1 energy shell is most stable with electron in the valence shell
ex. 8---octet rule
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| Covalent bonds #1 | non polar covalent bond have equal sharing of electrons between atoms
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| Covalent bonds #2 | polar covalent bond that have unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
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| Non Polar Covalent Bond | equal sharing of electrons between atoms
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| Polar Covalent Bond | un equal shring of electrons between atoms
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| Ionic Bond | formed due to transfer of electrons between atoms
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| Cation | + charged ion
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| Anion | - charged ion
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| Ion | atom that has gained or lost an electron
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| Loses an electron | gains charge
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| Gains an electron | loses charge
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| Hydrogen Bonds | 2 weak electronegative atoms to hydrogen
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| Electronegatives equal 0 or <1 | bond is non-polar covalent
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| Electronegatives 1 or greater, but < 2 | bond is polar covalent
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| Electronegatives 2.0 or > | bond is ionic
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| 3 types of Classifications | Domain
Eukarya
Archaea
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| Lateral Gene Transfer | organism transfers genetic information to another organism in the same generation
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| Taxonomic Levels of Classification | Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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| Binomial System of Nomenclature | scientific name for the organism
Genus/Species
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| Whittaker System of 5 basic Kingdoms | Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animaila
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| Biology | study of life
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| Eukaryotic Cell | DNA is Subdivided by internal membranes
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| Prokaryotic Cell | DNA is not serparated from the rest of the cell
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| gene expression | the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
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| Genome | the genetic material of an organism or virus
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| negative feedback | the most common form of regulation in living systems in which the accumlation of an end product of a process SLOWS that process
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| Positive feedback | a form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process
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| Domain Bacteria | prokaryotes, rod shaped
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| Domain Archaea | prokaryotes, round shaped
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| Domain Eukarya | All eukaryotes
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| Kingdom Animalia | multicellular eukaryotes that inject other organisms
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| Kingdom Fungi | which absorb nutrients from outside their bodies, eukaryotic
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| Protists | unicellular eukaryotes
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