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Biology 1406 Quiz #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Order of Life | Without order of an organism, there would be no life |
| Evolutionary Adaptation | Organisms must change and adapt to their environment in order to survive |
| Response to Environment | All living things must respond to the environment it's living in. |
| Regulation | The process of regulation helps sustain the living organism's bodily functions. Part of the metabolic process by storing nutrients. |
| Reproduction | Reproduce with their own kind |
| Energy Processing | Metablism is the ability for an organism to make energy |
| Growth and Development | Inherited information carried by genes controls the pattern of growth and development of organisms. |
| DNA | chromosomes have almost all the cells genetic material |
| Chromosomes | made up of DNA |
| Gene | codes for a trait |
| Nucleotide | 3 parts |
| Phosphate | 1 part of a nucleotide |
| Pentose Sugar | 1 part of a nucleotide |
| Deoxyribose | 1 part of a nucleotide |
| 5 Carbon Sugar | bonded with 1 of 4 nitrogen bases A - Adonine T - Thymine C - Cytosine G - Guanine |
| Phototropism | plats require light |
| Adenine bonds with | Thymine |
| Thymine bonds with | Adenine |
| Cytosine bonds with | Guanine |
| Guanine bonds with | Cytosine |
| ATP means | Adenosine Tri Phosphate |
| Tropism | orientation towards or aways from the light |
| Phototropism | hormones are chemical messengers |
| Auxin hormone | cell walls loosen, allowing plant to bend toward the light |
| Homeostasis | body's ability to maintain an internal equilibrium regardless of external stimuli |
| Kinetic energy | motion |
| potential energy | stored |
| chemical energy | stored in chemical bonds |
| hypothalamus | body temperature. |
| ATP | used on a cellular level |
| ATP | basic source of energy |
| Ecdysome | triggered by brain hormone in Larval stage |
| Asexual Cellular | cell does not require gametes - reproductive cells |
| female cells | ova o |
| mitosis | cell maintence through growth and repair |
| Meiosis | occurs in gonads |
| Gonads | reproductive organs |
| purpose of meiosis | produce eggs and sperm |
| 4 structures of a cell | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, free ribosome |
| 3 Domains | Eukarya - each Archaea - ant Bacteria - bites |
| Binomial System of Nomenclature | Genus/Species |
| 5 Kingdoms | Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia |
| Prokaryotic | Unicellular |
| Eukaryotic | Multi-cellular |
| Prokaryotic | Unicellular -monera -proteist -yeast -algea |
| Eukaryotic | Multicellular -Plantae -Animalia -Fungi |
| Ecology | Study of organisms |
| Ecosystem | where orgamisms reside |
| Autotrophic | self feeders, i.e. plants |
| Consumers | heterotrophic |
| Heterotrophic | other feeders |
| 3 subatomic particles | protrons electrons neutrons |
| Protons | positive charge |
| Electrons | negative charge |
| Nuetrons | neutral charge |
| Atomic Nucleus | protons and neutrons (P+N) |
| Daltons | a measure of mass for atoms |
| Valence Shell | the outer most shell of an atom |
| Valence Electron | electrons in the outer most shell of an atom |
| Electron Shells | followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus |
| Potential energy | energy that matter possesses |
| isotopes | varying atomic form of an element vary on the number of neutrons and atomic weights |
| radioactive isotopes | isotopes that spontaneously decays (atomic nucleus) releasing radioactive particles |
| Valence (bonding capacity) | # of unpaired electrons in the valence shell |
| Rules of engagement #1 | atom w/1 energy shell is stable with a total of 2 electrons |
| Rules of engagement #2 | atom with more than 1 energy shell is most stable with electron in the valence shell ex. 8---octet rule |
| Covalent bonds #1 | non polar covalent bond have equal sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Covalent bonds #2 | polar covalent bond that have unequal sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Non Polar Covalent Bond | equal sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Polar Covalent Bond | un equal shring of electrons between atoms |
| Ionic Bond | formed due to transfer of electrons between atoms |
| Cation | + charged ion |
| Anion | - charged ion |
| Ion | atom that has gained or lost an electron |
| Loses an electron | gains charge |
| Gains an electron | loses charge |
| Hydrogen Bonds | 2 weak electronegative atoms to hydrogen |
| Electronegatives equal 0 or <1 | bond is non-polar covalent |
| Electronegatives 1 or greater, but < 2 | bond is polar covalent |
| Electronegatives 2.0 or > | bond is ionic |
| 3 types of Classifications | Domain Eukarya Archaea |
| Lateral Gene Transfer | organism transfers genetic information to another organism in the same generation |
| Taxonomic Levels of Classification | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| Binomial System of Nomenclature | scientific name for the organism Genus/Species |
| Whittaker System of 5 basic Kingdoms | Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animaila |
| Biology | study of life |
| Eukaryotic Cell | DNA is Subdivided by internal membranes |
| Prokaryotic Cell | DNA is not serparated from the rest of the cell |
| gene expression | the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins |
| Genome | the genetic material of an organism or virus |
| negative feedback | the most common form of regulation in living systems in which the accumlation of an end product of a process SLOWS that process |
| Positive feedback | a form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process |
| Domain Bacteria | prokaryotes, rod shaped |
| Domain Archaea | prokaryotes, round shaped |
| Domain Eukarya | All eukaryotes |
| Kingdom Animalia | multicellular eukaryotes that inject other organisms |
| Kingdom Fungi | which absorb nutrients from outside their bodies, eukaryotic |
| Protists | unicellular eukaryotes |
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