grcc bi240 hypersensitivity reactions
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| allergic reaction or an abnormal reactions characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus | hypersensitivity
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| Hypersensitivity disorders include | allergy, autoimmune, isimmunity
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| allergy | antigen is an exogenous agent
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| autoimmunity | antigen to self
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| isimmunity | antigon is from tissue or another individual.
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| 4 types of hypersensitivity mechanisms | IgE mediated, tissue specific, Immune complex mediated and cell mediated.
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| Type I-IgE mediated is the most common | antibodies that coat mast cells signalling them to degranulate followed by discharge of chemicals such as histamine,
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| Type II - Tissue specific | Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface. think transfusion gone wrong- wrong blood given.
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| type III- Immune complex mediated | antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into the body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited into the tissue.
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| Type IV- cell mediated | cytototoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines that produce TH1 cells (T helper cells) attack & destroy cellular targets directly.
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| Type I hypersensitivity | Allergic reactions are IgE mediated.
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| Type 1 hypersensitivity is | humoral and immeadieate
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| In Type 1-first exposure to allergen leads to | development of IgE antibodies from B lymphs that attach to mast cells and basophils in tissues = sensitization
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| In type 1 subsequent exposures (following first exposure) | allergen attaches to IgE antibody on mast cell releasing histamine leading to inflammation & edema
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| Type 1 anaphylatic shock | large amounts of chemicals released from mast cells causing severe reactions.
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| Type 1 anaphylatic affects systemically | systemic vasodilation leads to severe decreased BP and loss of fluids
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| Type 1 anaphylatic affects lungs | by bronchconstriction leading to hypoxemia
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| Treatment for anaphylatic rxn | Benedryl, epinephrineo
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| What does benedryl do? | it is an anti-histamine- blocks response to release histamine
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| epinephrine opens airways via | bronchodilation, decreases mucus production
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| epinephrine increases BP via | vasoconstriction which reverses the effects of histamine.
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