vocabulary
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| Typical | individual experiences compared to group members - same order, same age changes over time
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| Stages | life changes marked by abrupt change
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| Continuous (life stages) | slow and gradual,predictable direction
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| Change | changes that make us different over life stages
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| Stability | consist traits of individual (core traits)
little or no change over time
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| Empirical Research | Scientific Studies
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| Adult Development | changes one experiences from adolescence (emerging adulthood)till end of life
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| Aytypical | changes uniqui to individual
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| Outer changes | visible changes
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| Inner changes | change not apparent to observer
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| Normative age-graded influences | influences marked by age, experienced by most adults from every generation as they grow older
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| Biological clock | natural aging processes
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| Social Clock | normal sequence of adult social experiences throughout life: school, marriage, children, grandparents, etc.
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| Ageism | Discrimination based upon age of individual
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| Normative history-graded influences | similarities and difference among within groups based upon historical events/conditions
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| Cultures | large social environments
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| Cohort | a group of individuals that share the same common experiences at the same stage of life
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| Non-normative life events | unique life experiences to self, not shared by many others
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| Behavior genetics | gene influenced behaviors (twin studies)
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| Twin studies | studies that compare twins (monozygotic - identical & dizygotic - fraternal)for genetic influences
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| Interactionist view | how genetic traits predict one's interaction with the environment
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| Chronological age | determined by years (passage of time)
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| Biological age | compares individual physical condition to others of same chronological age
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| Psychological age | individual ability to deal effectively with environment compared to others
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| Social age | expected social roles of individual at specific time in life
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| Functional age | compares how well a person is functioning compared to others
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| Lifespan developmental psychology approach - Paul Bates | development is lifelong, multidimensional, plastic, contextual, and multicausal
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| Ecological systems approach to development - Urie Bronfenbrenner | considers individual development within the context of multiple environments (micro, exo, macro - systems)
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| Cross-sectional study | data studied from point in time from various groups (doesn't show change over time)
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| Longitudinal study | group data studies over a course in time (time consuming, expensive)
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| Attrition | when study participants drop out of the study
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| Sequential study | combines Longitudinal and Cross-sectional study design
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| Personal interview | comprised of open-ended questions (not yes/no)
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| survey questionaire | answers can be graded and compared easily, administered easily and rapidly
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| standardized tests | tests developed by recognized experts in the field
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| validity | measures what it is supposed to measure
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| reliability | measures accurately and consistently
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| comparision of means | compares average results of data sets
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| Correlational analysis | r value (+1 to -1) reveals patterns of stability or change -- but not causality
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| meta-analysis | combines data from multiple studies that research a common question
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| experimental design | uses a control group (placebo), selected participants randomly, controlled environment,
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| Descriptive research | describes element of interest/question
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| Qualitative research | verbal data
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| Quantitative research | numerical data
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