Chapter 13 Review
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| The continual movement of water from Earth's atmosphere to Earth's surface and back again. | water cycle
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| Narrow streams of water that break through sandbars and drain rapidly back to sea. | rip currents
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| A global weather event that may last for 12 to 18 months and is caused by changes in air and water movements. | El Nino
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| A mass of moving water. | current
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| The difference in height between high tide and the next low tide. | tidal range
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| A tidal bulge that is smaller than normal, resulting in less extreme high and low tides. | neap tides
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| The vertical movement of deep water up to the surface. | upwelling
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| A measure of the amount of matter packed into a unit of volume. | density
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| The periodic rising and falling of the water level of the ocean. | tide
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| An extra-high tidal bulge and an extra-low tidal dip that occurs at the time of the new Moon or full Moon. | spring tide
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| The movement of water parallel to the shore; occurs in places where the waves meet the land at an angle rather than head-on. | longshore current
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| A system that uses sound waves to measure distance and locate objects. | sonar
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| The amount of dissolved salt contained in water. | salinity
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| The sloping land that lies submerged around the edges of a continent. | continental shelf
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| This brings nutrients up from the bottom of the ocean to the surface. | upwelling
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| The gravity of the Sun and the gravity of the moon combine to pull of Earth's waters from the same direction, resulting in this. | spring tide
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| Because waves rarely meet the land exactly head-on, these occure along almost every shore. | longshore current
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| This is lower in areas where the ocean is diluted by fresh water. | salinity
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| During these years, weather patterns change around the planet. | El Nino
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| Ocean water contains | both dissolved solids and dissolved gases
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| Large amounts of rainfall would lower the | salinity of a shallow part of the ocean
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| In general, how does ocean temperature change with depth? | deep water is cooler than water at the surface.
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| What would be most useful to explore a deep and difficult-to-reach section of the mid-ocean ridge? | robots with camera
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| A surface current is set in motion by | the wind
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| A surface current moves cold water | away from the poles
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| Deep ocean currents slowly move water | along the bottom of Earth's oceans
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| An upwelling moves nutrients from the deeper waters to | the surface
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| The Gulf Stream moves ____________________ away from the poles to give Great Britian a mild climate. | warm water
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| Most ocean waves are the result of | the transfer of energy from the wind to the water below
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| Waves breaking along a shore are caused by an increase in their | wave height
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| A longshore current is the transfer of | energy parallel to the shore
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| What causes rip currents to form? | high winds and strong currents
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| Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of Earth and | Earth's waters on the Sun
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| The tidal bulge is smaller than normal during a | neap tide
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| The difference in height between a high tide and the next low tide is called the | tidal range
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| Electricity is generated by a tidal dam when | water flows through turbines during high tide
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| The salinity of a sample of ocean water is the water's | dissolved salts in the water
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| The amount of matter is a given volume of ocean water is the water's | density
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| Wind blowing across the ocean causes | surface currents to form
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| A mass of moving water is called a | current
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| El Nino is caused by changes in _____________ currents | surface
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| What happens whan an ocean wave breaks on the shore? | It loses energy
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| What causes a longshore current? | waves stricking the shore at an angle
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| What has the greatest effect on Earth's tides? | gravity
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| Tidal range is the difference in height between | one high tide and the next low tide
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| Tadal ranges are largest during a | spring tide
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| Salinity is the amount of dissolved | salt in water
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| The amount of matter in a unit volume is | density
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| A surface current near Earth's equator is set in motion by | global winds
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| Water waves are often a transfer of | energy from moving air
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| Rip currents flow at nearly _________________ to the shore | right angles
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| The moon has a greater effect on Earth's tides than the Sun because the moon is | closer to Earth than the Sun
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