muscle and bones test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| function of the skeletal muscles | movement of bones, maintain posture, support, guard enterances/ exits, body temp
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| skeletal muscle | only type that is voluntary
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| myofibril | fibers inside a muscle cell
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| epimysium | outermost tissue of muscle cell
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| perimysium | 2nd layer of muscle cell; surrounds bundles of cells
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| endomysium | surrounds muscle fiber
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| components of a muscle cell | sarcoplasm, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum | stores calcium ions and releases them when needed
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| sarcolemma | cell membrane of a muscle cell
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| myosin | thick protein filaments that form the dark lines of a fibril
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| actin | thin protein filament; forms the light lines of the fibril (i bands)
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| sacromere | contractile unit of the muscle
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| z disc | the zigzags on a fibril, made of actin; make the boundries
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| action potential | message from neuron; produced by ach; electrical upsetting travelling completely around the muscle cell
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| neuromuscular junction | where the axon terminal meets the muscle cell
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| ach (acetycholine) | tells muscles to contract; released by neuron with use of Ca+2 and goes to muscle cell
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| creatine phosphate | gives extra energy when atp is low; gives its phosphate to a ADP to make it ATP and usable
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| aerobic respiration | slow but most efficient; Glucose + O2 =ATP; converts food to energy
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| anaerobic respiration | when you work hard enough so O2 is not getting to tissue; very fast but no efficient. no O2 needed.
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| flexion | decreases the angle of the joint; brings two bones closer together
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| extension | increases the angle of the joint; two bones farther from eachother
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| hyperextention | bending beyond 180* angle
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| abduction | take/ move away from body
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| adduction | move closer to body
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| circumduction | movement in a circular motion (ball and socket joints)
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| supination | palms up
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| pronation | palms down
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| organs of the skeletal system | bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments
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| two subdivisions of the skeleton | axial and appendicular
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| ligaments | connect bone to bone
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| functions of bones | support the body, protection, levers, store minerals, blood cell formation
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| classification of bones | long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones
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| long bone | compact bone, dense, longer than wide
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| short bone | cube shaped, mostly spongy
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| flat bone | flattened, thin, usually curved
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| irregular bone | bones that don't fit in any other catergory
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| epiphyseal | growing plate or line; determines growth; plate = cartilage and line = bone
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| diaphysis and epiphysis | d = mostly compact, e = spongy
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| two types of marrow | red and yellow
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| red marrow |
hematopheisis (production of blood)
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| yellow marrow | where fat is stored; found in diaphysis
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| perferating canals | move horizontally through bone
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| central canals | move vertically through bones
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| osteons | run the length of the bone
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| 3 types of muscle cells | osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
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| osteocytes | mature muscle cells
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| bone remodeling | controlled building and breaking of bone; happens when calcium levels are to high or low
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| calcium | involved in muscle contraction, sending nerve impulses, blood clotting
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| collagen | protein that gives bone a flexible quality
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Created by:
redhead19
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