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ch 5 - 6 ap terms
muscle and bones test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| function of the skeletal muscles | movement of bones, maintain posture, support, guard enterances/ exits, body temp |
| skeletal muscle | only type that is voluntary |
| myofibril | fibers inside a muscle cell |
| epimysium | outermost tissue of muscle cell |
| perimysium | 2nd layer of muscle cell; surrounds bundles of cells |
| endomysium | surrounds muscle fiber |
| components of a muscle cell | sarcoplasm, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | stores calcium ions and releases them when needed |
| sarcolemma | cell membrane of a muscle cell |
| myosin | thick protein filaments that form the dark lines of a fibril |
| actin | thin protein filament; forms the light lines of the fibril (i bands) |
| sacromere | contractile unit of the muscle |
| z disc | the zigzags on a fibril, made of actin; make the boundries |
| action potential | message from neuron; produced by ach; electrical upsetting travelling completely around the muscle cell |
| neuromuscular junction | where the axon terminal meets the muscle cell |
| ach (acetycholine) | tells muscles to contract; released by neuron with use of Ca+2 and goes to muscle cell |
| creatine phosphate | gives extra energy when atp is low; gives its phosphate to a ADP to make it ATP and usable |
| aerobic respiration | slow but most efficient; Glucose + O2 =ATP; converts food to energy |
| anaerobic respiration | when you work hard enough so O2 is not getting to tissue; very fast but no efficient. no O2 needed. |
| flexion | decreases the angle of the joint; brings two bones closer together |
| extension | increases the angle of the joint; two bones farther from eachother |
| hyperextention | bending beyond 180* angle |
| abduction | take/ move away from body |
| adduction | move closer to body |
| circumduction | movement in a circular motion (ball and socket joints) |
| supination | palms up |
| pronation | palms down |
| organs of the skeletal system | bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments |
| two subdivisions of the skeleton | axial and appendicular |
| ligaments | connect bone to bone |
| functions of bones | support the body, protection, levers, store minerals, blood cell formation |
| classification of bones | long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones |
| long bone | compact bone, dense, longer than wide |
| short bone | cube shaped, mostly spongy |
| flat bone | flattened, thin, usually curved |
| irregular bone | bones that don't fit in any other catergory |
| epiphyseal | growing plate or line; determines growth; plate = cartilage and line = bone |
| diaphysis and epiphysis | d = mostly compact, e = spongy |
| two types of marrow | red and yellow |
| red marrow | hematopheisis (production of blood) |
| yellow marrow | where fat is stored; found in diaphysis |
| perferating canals | move horizontally through bone |
| central canals | move vertically through bones |
| osteons | run the length of the bone |
| 3 types of muscle cells | osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts |
| osteocytes | mature muscle cells |
| bone remodeling | controlled building and breaking of bone; happens when calcium levels are to high or low |
| calcium | involved in muscle contraction, sending nerve impulses, blood clotting |
| collagen | protein that gives bone a flexible quality |
Created by:
redhead19
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