Chapter 9- Compounding
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| List at least 4 reasons for compounding? | 1. Pediatric patients requiring diluted adult strengths of drugs
2. Specialized dosages for therapeutic drug monitoring.
3. Compounding for animals
4. Hospice patients for pain
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| Who is compounding regulated by? | The State Boards of Pharmacy and US Pharmacopeia
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| What are some personnel regulations on compounding in a pharmacy? | Pharmacy responsibility to manage. List of qualifications pharmacist must have to compound and recommends further education
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| What are some facilities and equipment regulations on compounding in a pharmacy? | Compounding area must have designated are away from "routine dispensing and counseling functions and high traffic areas" of the pharmacy. Recommended equipment
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| What is the lowest grade of purity for chemicals used in compounding? | USP or NF grade
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| What is quality assurance? | QA- Program of activities used to assure that the procedures used in compounding a product lead to products that comply with specifications and standards
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| What is quality control? | QC- Set of testing procedures that determine the quality of the compounded formulation
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| What are some documentations and record keeping that must be done for compounding? | A formulation record- Recipe.
A compounding record- What actually happened when formulation was compounded.
Standard operating procedures- SOPs
Material safety data sheets- MSDs
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| What is the Beyond-Use Date for nonaqueous liquids and solid formulations? | 25% of the time remaining until the drug product's expiration date or 6 months. Which ever comes first
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| What is the Beyond-Use Date for water containing formulations? | No later than 14 days when stored at cold temp
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| What is the sensitivity of a Class A balance? | Up to 6 mg
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| What is the capacity of a Class A balance? | Minimum weighable quantity of 120 mg of material with a 5% error. Maximum weighable quantity of 60 grams
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| How must the weights be handles with a Class A balance? | With forceps to prevent soiling and erosion of the weights
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| What is the weighing quantities of an electronic balance? | Smaller than 120 mg
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| What is the sensitivity of an electronic balance? | Around 1 mg
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| How often should weighing papers or weighing boats be used? | With each new drug to prevent contamination
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| What is the abbreviation of "to deliver"? | TD
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| What is the abbreviation of "to contain"? | TC
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| What is the best type of graduated cylinder to use? | Cylindrical graduated cylinder because it is more accurate
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| What sizes to syringes usually come in? | From 0.5 ml to 60 ml and in a variety of materials and styles
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| What measuring equipment are not volumetric? | Erlenmeyer flasks. Beakers. Prescription bottles
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| What is important when selecting a liquid measuring device? | Always use smallest device that accommodates volume. Use calibrated pipet, micropipet, or syringe to measure less than 1 ml. Read measurement by meniscus
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| What is important when using graduated cylinders? | Place on flat surface. Hold solution with right hand. As liquid approaches desired amount slow pouring. Transfer liquid to appropriate vessel allowing about 15 s to drain
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| What type of syringe will not take a needle? | Oral syringes because not sterile
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| What are aqueous solutions? | Clear but not always colorless liquids in which the drug is completely dissolved
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| What are syrups? | Concentrated or nearly saturated solution of sucrose in water
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| What are nonaqueous solutions? | Solutions that contain solvents other than water, either alone or in addition to water
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| What is the main solvent for nonaqueous solutions? | Alcohol
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| What are suspentions? | Two phase system consisting of a finely divided solid dispersed in a liquid- usually water
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