Microbiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Acids | supply an excess of H+ ions that make the water solution acidic
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| Adenine | (A) in both DNA--oposite tymidine (T)--RNA--oposite uridine (U)
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| Bases | supply an excess of OH- ions, making the solution basic or alkaline because many of the free H+ ions are used by the OH- ions to form water (H20)
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| Cholesterols | lipids contained in animal cells--
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| Chromosome | thousands of genes make up a single piece of double-stranded DNA
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| Codons | nucleic acid letters read in triplets--each 3 letter work codes for a specific amino acid--bluprint and codes for how proteins will be organized-
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| Cytosine | Base in DNA and RNA--always oposite guinine (G)
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA--2 strands of nucleic acid--always pair in a certain order--bases adenine and thymidine always opposedand cytosine and guanine are opposed--always = numbers of A and T and = numbers of C and G--20% C+ 20% G + 30% A + 30% T = 100%
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| Enzymes | majority of protiens--workers of a cell--breakdown nutrients into molecules to give energy--join molecular subunits of macromolecules into complex material that a cell needs--including other protiens.
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| Ergosterols | lipids in fungi
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| Gene | a string of 2 letter codons, usually 300-1000 base pairs long
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| Guanine | (G) base in DNA and RNA--always apposed to cytosine (C)
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| Lipids | 4th type of macromolecule--small and span the membrane of every cell--majority `ontain phosphate and are called phospholipids--polar phosphate groups face the water on both sides of the membrane--nonpolar tails face each other in the middle--
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| Lipids 2 | cell membrane has polar surfaces byt a nonpolar internal structure--nonpolar barrier keeps molecules out on the outside and in on the inside--wanted cells need to be transported by a cell-determined mechanism.
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| Macromolecules | polymeric(many copies of a few chemical subunits) molecules--large--may be found in numbers of 1 to 100 thousand copies per cell
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| messanger RNA | (mRNA)--DNA is initially transcribed into mRNA--actual template for protien synthesis or translation
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| Nonpolar | Oil--no charge differential--gives microbes the ability to selectively allow desired chemicals in and unwanted ones out.
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| Nucleic acid | the 3rd macromolecule--sugar-phosphate repeating structure--huge--millions of units long--each sugar has 1 of 4 poss. bases-4 letters--blueprint and codes for how protiens are organized
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| Polar | water--positive charge at 1 end and negative charge at the other--all cells are bathed in water environment
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| Polysaccharides | second type of macromolecule--sugares polymerized into long chains--serve a structural function--provide strength to the cell to keep it from breaking open
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| Proteins | 100-600 amino acid residues--20 different amino acids linked together in a cell--specific amino acids and order determine the protein function--many function structurally in cell envelope and extracellular structures--others are transporters
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| Ribonucleic acid | singe-stranded--sugar ribose--uridine (U) in place of thymidine--no constraints for numbers of As and Us or Cs and Gs to be equal
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| Sterols | type of lipid useful as target for antibiotic therapy of fungi because funngal and animal lipids vary--bacteria lack sterols with one exception-hydrophobic sterols strengthen the animals membranes
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| Thymidine | (T) base of DNA--always oposite of adenine (A)
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| Translation | protein synthesis--mRNA is used as template
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| Uridine | (U) --base of RNA--always oposite adenine (A)
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