VOCABULARY FROM THE GENETICS UNIT
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| amino acids | These bond together to make proteins
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| Chromosome | Made up of long strands of DNA, found in the nucleus.
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| Cloning | Making an exact copy of an organism that naturally would reproduce sexually.
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| DNA | made up of small sections called genes that each code for a protein
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| DNA fingerprinting/gel electrophoresis | Cutting DNA into different sized pieces and using electricity to separate them on a gel.
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| Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
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| gene | a small portion of DNA that codes for one protein
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| Gene expression | the way we see traits of genes can be changed by environmental factors
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| Genetic Engineering | moving genes from one organism to another to try and make proteins/traits that were not originally there.
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| Karyotype | A picture of a person's chromosomes sorted in homologous pairs.
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| mutation | A change in a the DNA (insertion, deletion or substitution of bases) that results in a changed protein.
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| nitrogen base | the bases that make up the code in DNA (A,T, C,G)
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| Nucleus | Organelle in the cell where you would find chromosomes.
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| Protein Synthesis | The making of proteins. This occurs in the ribosomes.
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| Recombinant DNA | DNA from 2 separate sources combined together. This is done so an organism can make a new protein and therefore have a new trait.
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| RNA | Both mRNA and tRNA assist DNA in its efforts to make a protein based on its bases code.
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| Selective Breeding | breeding organisms of the same species in an effort to get likeable traits
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| Hybridization | breeding organisms of different (but closely related species) to get a new organism with desired traits.
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| Trait | A characteristic that an organism has.
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| diabetes | a disorder caused by a change in the gene that codes for the Insulin hormone
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| insulin | a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar. When it is incorrectly formed, a person will suffer from Diabetes.
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| inherit/heredity | the passing down of genes and therefore traits from one generation to another.
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| template/code/blueprint | something used to help create something else (ex. DNA is a template/code/blueprint for proteins).
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