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Genetics Unit Vocab

VOCABULARY FROM THE GENETICS UNIT

QuestionAnswer
amino acids These bond together to make proteins
Chromosome Made up of long strands of DNA, found in the nucleus.
Cloning Making an exact copy of an organism that naturally would reproduce sexually.
DNA made up of small sections called genes that each code for a protein
DNA fingerprinting/gel electrophoresis Cutting DNA into different sized pieces and using electricity to separate them on a gel.
Enzymes Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
gene a small portion of DNA that codes for one protein
Gene expression the way we see traits of genes can be changed by environmental factors
Genetic Engineering moving genes from one organism to another to try and make proteins/traits that were not originally there.
Karyotype A picture of a person's chromosomes sorted in homologous pairs.
mutation A change in a the DNA (insertion, deletion or substitution of bases) that results in a changed protein.
nitrogen base the bases that make up the code in DNA (A,T, C,G)
Nucleus Organelle in the cell where you would find chromosomes.
Protein Synthesis The making of proteins. This occurs in the ribosomes.
Recombinant DNA DNA from 2 separate sources combined together. This is done so an organism can make a new protein and therefore have a new trait.
RNA Both mRNA and tRNA assist DNA in its efforts to make a protein based on its bases code.
Selective Breeding breeding organisms of the same species in an effort to get likeable traits
Hybridization breeding organisms of different (but closely related species) to get a new organism with desired traits.
Trait A characteristic that an organism has.
diabetes a disorder caused by a change in the gene that codes for the Insulin hormone
insulin a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar. When it is incorrectly formed, a person will suffer from Diabetes.
inherit/heredity the passing down of genes and therefore traits from one generation to another.
template/code/blueprint something used to help create something else (ex. DNA is a template/code/blueprint for proteins).
Created by: mbiata@rhnet.org
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