Urinary elimination
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| Chapter 44 | Urinary Elimination
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| Nephron | functional unit of the kidney that forms urine
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| proteinuria | presence of large proteins in urine indicative of glomerular injury
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| What is the nephron composed of? | glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubeule, loop of Henle, distal tube and collecting duct
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| The kidneys are responsible for maintaining normal RBC volume by producing: | erythropoi (functions with bone marrow to stimulate RBC production)etin
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| What is the function of renin? | regulation of blood flow in times of renal ischemia (decreased blood supply); works through vasodilation
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| micturition | urination
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| renal calculus | kidney stone
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| reflex bladder | urination occurs reflexively as with spinal cord inj patients
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| oliguria | diminished capacity to form urine
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| anuria | inability to produce urine
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| polyuria | excessive output of urine
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| diuresis | ingesting certain fluids that increase output of urine
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| urinary diversion | a temporary or permanent surgical formation that bypasses the bladder and urethra, usually a stoma on the abdomin drains urine
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| Urinary retention | marked accumulation of urine in the bladder as a result of the inabillity of the bladder to empty
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| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine
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| urosepsis | spread of microorganisms into the kidneys and blood stream
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| dysuria | pain or burning with urination
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| pyelonephritis | kidney infection characterized by flank pain, tenderness, fever, chills
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| urinary incontinence | involunatry loss of urine that is suffucient to be a problem
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| ureterostomy | bringing the end of one or both ureters to the abdominal surface
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| nephrostomy | placement of tube directlt into the renal pelvis to provide urinary drainage
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| nocturia | excessive urination at night
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| Urinary frequency is often due to: | muscle tone loss of the bladder and loss of capacity to hold urine
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| urethral meatus | visual opening of the urethra
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| catheterized patients should drink how much per day? | 2000-2500ml per day
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| The normal adult urine output is: | 1500-1600 ml /day
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| Renal alterations result from factors that cause injury directly to the gloeruli or renal tubule, interfering with their normal filtering, reabsorptive, and secreetory functions. This is a select cause: | transfusion reactions
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| Postrenal alterations result from obstruction to the flow of urine in the urinary collecting system caused by: | blood clots
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| The most common nosocomial infections are: | UTI's
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| Hospital aquired UTI's are usually r/t porr hand washing and: | improper catheter care
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| The urine appears concentrated and cloudy d/t the presence of WBC's or: | bacteria
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| Pyridium turns urine what color? | bright orange or rust
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| To minimize nocturia, clients should avoid fluids ___ hrs before bedtime. | 2
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| Maintaining a Floey cath. drainage bag in the dependent position prevents: | urinary reflux
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| When applying a condom cath. it's important to secure the cath. in the penile shaft in such a manner that the cath is: | snug & secure, but doesn't cause constriction to blood flow
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