pharm test 1
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| Student Learning Outcomes | Safety, clinical decision making, teamwork & collaboration, professional behaviors, patient-centered care
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| Roles of the ADN | provider of care, manager of care, member of the discipline of nursing
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| 5 Rights of Medication Administration | medication, patient, dosage, route, time
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| 6 Additional Rights | recording, remember allergies, documentation, understanding, values, refusal
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| Pharmacology | the study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects upon living organisims
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| Pharmacotherapeutics | the use of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease
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| Pharmacokinetics | study of the metabolisim and action of drugs w/ particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and method of excretion
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| Pharmacogenomics | study of the effects of genetic differences among people and the impact that these differences have on the uptake, effectiveness, toxicity, and metabolisim of drugs
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| Pharmacodynamics | the study of drugs and their actions on living organisims
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| Generic Name | in small letters
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| Brand Name | Capitalized
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| lisinopril | Prinavil/Zestril-ACE
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| simvastatin | Zocor-HMG-COA reductase-inhibitor, to decrease cholesterol, no grapefruit(heart rhythms/rabdomyosis-kidneys)
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| atenolol | beta blocker-heart
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| metformin Hcl | diabetic-Glucophage
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| asprin | 81mg-“baby asprin”-antiplatelet, decrease blood clots
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| propylthiouracil | PTU-for hyperthyroid
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| Agonist | makes something happen
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| Antagonist | stops something from happening
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| Narcotic Antagonist-used for/ex | Opiod OD-Narcan
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| naloxone/Narcan | blocks opiod receptors and reverses the effects of opiods, inc respiratory depression, sedation, psychomimetic effects, and hypotension (also reverses pain control)
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| Antithyroid agent(thioamide) | propylthiouracil/PTU-lowers thyroid hormone levels by preventing the formation of thyroid hormone in the cells
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| Benzodiazepine antagonist-used for/ex | valium, Ativan, Xanax OD-flumazenil(Romazicon)
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| flumazenil/Romazicon | inhibits the effects of benzodiazepines at GABA receptors
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| Antihypoglycemic agent | glucagon(no IV access) or 50% dextrose in water(IV access)
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| Mild Hypogycemia | sympathetic NS is stimulated: sweating, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, hunger
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| Moderate Hypoglycemia | impaired function of CNS
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| Heparin antidote | protamine sulfate-lab APTT
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| warfarin(Coumadin)-not w/ big green leafy’s-antidote | vitamin K/Mephyton(phytonadione)-lab PT/INR
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| Normal INR/therapeutic | 1.0/2.0-3.0
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| Potassium(K+) | 3.5-5.0
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| Cation exchange-Potassium | sodium polystyrene sulfonate/Kayexalate-removes potassium from body by exchanging sodium ion for potassium through the large intestine
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| Hyperosmotic laxative-Ammonia | lactulose/Cephulac-laxative action by removing water, reducing blood ammonia level-hepatic encephalopathy is reduced/prevented
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| Statin and Diflucan | risk for rhabdomyolysis
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| Statin and grapefruit/grapefruit juice | irregular heart rhythms and/or rhabdomyolysis
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| metronidazole/Flagyl and alcohol | disulfiram-type reaction, violent n/v
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| warfarin/Coumadin and aspirin | spontaneous bleeding
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| aspirin and clopidogrel/Plavix | spontaneous bleeding
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| St John’s wort and fluoxetine/Prozac | serotonin syndrome(confusion, restlessness, hyper-reflexia, agitation, diaphoresis, tremor, and fever) and increased sensitivity to light
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| Tetracyclines & Quinolones directions | empty stomach, avoid calcium products, iron products, antacids
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| MAO Inhibitors-Nardil directions | avoid alcoholic beverages, dairy, meat(dangerous rise in BP)
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| Coumadin directions | avoid Vitamin K, green leafy veggies
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| OxyContin/oxycodone | sustained release tablet dosed every 12 hours
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| oxycodone/Roxicodone | rapid release tablet dosed every 4 hours
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| Humulin-R/Novolin R | regular insulin, onset 30-60min, intermediate action
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| Humalog | insulin lispro, onset <15min, rapid action
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| Novolog | insulin aspart, onset 15min, rapid action
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| metformin/Glucophage | nonsulfonylurea biquanide
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| methylprednisolone sodium succinate/SoluMedrol | glucocorticoid
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| metoprolol/Lopressor | beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agent
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| metoclopramide/Reglan | antiemetic, prokinetic
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| metronidazole/Flagyl | antiprotozoal, GI surgery
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| aspirin | antiplatelet
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| diazepam/Valium | anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, ETOH withdrawal, muscle relaxant
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| pregabalin/Lyrica | fibromyalgia
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| gabapentin/Neurontin | neuropathic pain
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| Lotrel: benazepril & amlodipine | calcium channel blocker & ACE inhibitor
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| flumazenil/Romazicon | benzodiazepine antagonist
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| vitamin K | goal is to return PT/INR to normal range
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| protamine sulfate | decrease or absence of bleeding episodes due to over heparinization
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| sodium polystyrene sulfonate/Kayexalate | requires monitoring of electrolyte values, especially potassium
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| glucagon/GlucaGen | decreases insulin resistance and accelerates breakdown of glycogen in the liver to release glucose
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| naloxone/Narcan | increase in respirations, opioid agonist-antagonist
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| proplthiouracil/PTU | decrease in heart rate, reduction in anxiety, by blocking formation of thyroid hormone
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| lactulose/Cephulac | causes diarrhea and increased mental status
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| 50% dextrose in water/D50W | reversal of hypoglycemia by providing carbohydrates
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| Brand name | name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it/Capitalized
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| Generic name | drugs sold by their chemical name or their chemical structure/lowercase
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| Bioavailability | how a body breaks down and uses a drug. the bioavailability of generic drugs may differ from that of brand name drugs
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| Schedule I | high abuse potential & no accepted medical use-LSD, marijuana
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| Schedule II | high abuse potential w/ severe dependence liability-morphine, oxycodone
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| Schedule III | less abuse potential & moderate dependence liability-hydrocodone
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| Schedule IV | less abuse potential than schedule III & limited dependence liability-diazepam
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| Schedule V | limited abuse potential & small amount of narcotic-codeine
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| Oral drugs rule | ideally should be given 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal & w/ 240mL of water
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| Loading dose | a larger amount than normal given to initially raise the serum concentration of the drug to a therapeutic level-heparin bolus, digoxin/Lanoxin
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| First-pass effect | amount of oral medication that is absorbed from the small intestine that passes through the liver and is lost to the body
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| Placebo effect | nurses do not give placebos but rather display a professionalism that influences the patient’s attitude about a drug by displaying a positive attitude combined w/ other comfort measures
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| Local anaphylactic reactions | GI upset-aspirin, prednisone, antibiotics-hay fever
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| Systemic anaphylaxis | pruritus, rash, hives, peripheral vasodilation, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema—can be life threatening
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| Nursing | a unique and complex science as well as a nurturing and caring art
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