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Pharmocology Test #1
pharm test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Student Learning Outcomes | Safety, clinical decision making, teamwork & collaboration, professional behaviors, patient-centered care |
| Roles of the ADN | provider of care, manager of care, member of the discipline of nursing |
| 5 Rights of Medication Administration | medication, patient, dosage, route, time |
| 6 Additional Rights | recording, remember allergies, documentation, understanding, values, refusal |
| Pharmacology | the study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects upon living organisims |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | the use of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease |
| Pharmacokinetics | study of the metabolisim and action of drugs w/ particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and method of excretion |
| Pharmacogenomics | study of the effects of genetic differences among people and the impact that these differences have on the uptake, effectiveness, toxicity, and metabolisim of drugs |
| Pharmacodynamics | the study of drugs and their actions on living organisims |
| Generic Name | in small letters |
| Brand Name | Capitalized |
| lisinopril | Prinavil/Zestril-ACE |
| simvastatin | Zocor-HMG-COA reductase-inhibitor, to decrease cholesterol, no grapefruit(heart rhythms/rabdomyosis-kidneys) |
| atenolol | beta blocker-heart |
| metformin Hcl | diabetic-Glucophage |
| asprin | 81mg-“baby asprin”-antiplatelet, decrease blood clots |
| propylthiouracil | PTU-for hyperthyroid |
| Agonist | makes something happen |
| Antagonist | stops something from happening |
| Narcotic Antagonist-used for/ex | Opiod OD-Narcan |
| naloxone/Narcan | blocks opiod receptors and reverses the effects of opiods, inc respiratory depression, sedation, psychomimetic effects, and hypotension (also reverses pain control) |
| Antithyroid agent(thioamide) | propylthiouracil/PTU-lowers thyroid hormone levels by preventing the formation of thyroid hormone in the cells |
| Benzodiazepine antagonist-used for/ex | valium, Ativan, Xanax OD-flumazenil(Romazicon) |
| flumazenil/Romazicon | inhibits the effects of benzodiazepines at GABA receptors |
| Antihypoglycemic agent | glucagon(no IV access) or 50% dextrose in water(IV access) |
| Mild Hypogycemia | sympathetic NS is stimulated: sweating, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, hunger |
| Moderate Hypoglycemia | impaired function of CNS |
| Heparin antidote | protamine sulfate-lab APTT |
| warfarin(Coumadin)-not w/ big green leafy’s-antidote | vitamin K/Mephyton(phytonadione)-lab PT/INR |
| Normal INR/therapeutic | 1.0/2.0-3.0 |
| Potassium(K+) | 3.5-5.0 |
| Cation exchange-Potassium | sodium polystyrene sulfonate/Kayexalate-removes potassium from body by exchanging sodium ion for potassium through the large intestine |
| Hyperosmotic laxative-Ammonia | lactulose/Cephulac-laxative action by removing water, reducing blood ammonia level-hepatic encephalopathy is reduced/prevented |
| Statin and Diflucan | risk for rhabdomyolysis |
| Statin and grapefruit/grapefruit juice | irregular heart rhythms and/or rhabdomyolysis |
| metronidazole/Flagyl and alcohol | disulfiram-type reaction, violent n/v |
| warfarin/Coumadin and aspirin | spontaneous bleeding |
| aspirin and clopidogrel/Plavix | spontaneous bleeding |
| St John’s wort and fluoxetine/Prozac | serotonin syndrome(confusion, restlessness, hyper-reflexia, agitation, diaphoresis, tremor, and fever) and increased sensitivity to light |
| Tetracyclines & Quinolones directions | empty stomach, avoid calcium products, iron products, antacids |
| MAO Inhibitors-Nardil directions | avoid alcoholic beverages, dairy, meat(dangerous rise in BP) |
| Coumadin directions | avoid Vitamin K, green leafy veggies |
| OxyContin/oxycodone | sustained release tablet dosed every 12 hours |
| oxycodone/Roxicodone | rapid release tablet dosed every 4 hours |
| Humulin-R/Novolin R | regular insulin, onset 30-60min, intermediate action |
| Humalog | insulin lispro, onset <15min, rapid action |
| Novolog | insulin aspart, onset 15min, rapid action |
| metformin/Glucophage | nonsulfonylurea biquanide |
| methylprednisolone sodium succinate/SoluMedrol | glucocorticoid |
| metoprolol/Lopressor | beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agent |
| metoclopramide/Reglan | antiemetic, prokinetic |
| metronidazole/Flagyl | antiprotozoal, GI surgery |
| aspirin | antiplatelet |
| diazepam/Valium | anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, ETOH withdrawal, muscle relaxant |
| pregabalin/Lyrica | fibromyalgia |
| gabapentin/Neurontin | neuropathic pain |
| Lotrel: benazepril & amlodipine | calcium channel blocker & ACE inhibitor |
| flumazenil/Romazicon | benzodiazepine antagonist |
| vitamin K | goal is to return PT/INR to normal range |
| protamine sulfate | decrease or absence of bleeding episodes due to over heparinization |
| sodium polystyrene sulfonate/Kayexalate | requires monitoring of electrolyte values, especially potassium |
| glucagon/GlucaGen | decreases insulin resistance and accelerates breakdown of glycogen in the liver to release glucose |
| naloxone/Narcan | increase in respirations, opioid agonist-antagonist |
| proplthiouracil/PTU | decrease in heart rate, reduction in anxiety, by blocking formation of thyroid hormone |
| lactulose/Cephulac | causes diarrhea and increased mental status |
| 50% dextrose in water/D50W | reversal of hypoglycemia by providing carbohydrates |
| Brand name | name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it/Capitalized |
| Generic name | drugs sold by their chemical name or their chemical structure/lowercase |
| Bioavailability | how a body breaks down and uses a drug. the bioavailability of generic drugs may differ from that of brand name drugs |
| Schedule I | high abuse potential & no accepted medical use-LSD, marijuana |
| Schedule II | high abuse potential w/ severe dependence liability-morphine, oxycodone |
| Schedule III | less abuse potential & moderate dependence liability-hydrocodone |
| Schedule IV | less abuse potential than schedule III & limited dependence liability-diazepam |
| Schedule V | limited abuse potential & small amount of narcotic-codeine |
| Oral drugs rule | ideally should be given 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal & w/ 240mL of water |
| Loading dose | a larger amount than normal given to initially raise the serum concentration of the drug to a therapeutic level-heparin bolus, digoxin/Lanoxin |
| First-pass effect | amount of oral medication that is absorbed from the small intestine that passes through the liver and is lost to the body |
| Placebo effect | nurses do not give placebos but rather display a professionalism that influences the patient’s attitude about a drug by displaying a positive attitude combined w/ other comfort measures |
| Local anaphylactic reactions | GI upset-aspirin, prednisone, antibiotics-hay fever |
| Systemic anaphylaxis | pruritus, rash, hives, peripheral vasodilation, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema—can be life threatening |
| Nursing | a unique and complex science as well as a nurturing and caring art |
Created by:
neffielewis
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