Quiz Magnesium Questions Chapter 17 Lewis p. 319
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| Magnesium is the 2nd most abundant cation in ICF or ECF? | ICF
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| Approximately 50% to 60% of body’s magnesium is contained in? | Bone
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| Magnesium functions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of? | CHO and protein
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| Magnesium is also involved in metabolism of? | Nucleic acid and proteins
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| Magnesium is regulated by? | GI absorption and renal excretion
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| Which organs are able to conserve magnesium in times of need and excrete excesses? | Kidneys
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| True or False Factors that regulate calcium balance appear similarly to influence magnesium balance: | True such as PTH
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| Why would manifestations of magnesium imbalance be mistaken for calcium imbalance? | Because magnesium imbalance is related to calcium and potassium balance, all three cations should be assessed together.
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| Name some of the causes of magnesium imbalance Hypomagnesemia (Table 17-10 p 320): | 1. Diarrhea 2. Vomiting 3. Chronic alcoholism 4. Impaired GI absorption 5. Malabsorption syndrome 6. Prolonged malnutrition 7. Large urine output 8. NG suction 9. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus 10. Hyperaldosteronism
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| Name some of the causes of magnesium imbalance Hypermagnesemia (Table 17-10 p 320): | 1.Renal failure (especially if patient is given magnesium products) 2. Excessive administration of magnesium for treatment of eclampsi 3. Adrenal insufficiency
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| Why is neuromuscular excitability profoundly affected by alterations in serum magnesium level? | Because magnesium acts directly on the myoneural junction
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| How does hyermagnesemia usually occur? | Increase in magnesium intake accompanied by renal insufficiency or failure
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| A patient with what kind of disease should not ingest products containing magnesium such as Maalox and MOM? | A patient with chronic kidney disease
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| Initial clinical manifestations of a mildly elevated serum magnesium concentration include the following: | 1. Lethargy 2. Drowsiness 3. Nausea 4. Vomiting
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| As the level of magnesium increase, describe the clinical manifestations as they become more profound: | 1. Deep tendon reflexes are loss 2. Somnolence 3. Respiratory and cardiac arrest
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| Management of hypermagnesemia should focus on: | Prevention
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| Persons with kidney disease should NOT take: | Magnesium containing drugs and must be cautioned to review all over the counter drug labels for magnesium content
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| What is the emergency treatment of hypermagnesemia? | IV administration of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate to physiologically oppose the effects of the magnesium on cardiac muscle.
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| How will promoting urinary excretion with fluid affect magnesium? | It will decrease serum magnesium levels
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| The patient with impaired renal function will require dialysis. Why? | because the kidneys are the major route of excretion for magnesium
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| What is the major cause of hypomagnesemia? | Prolong fasting or starvation
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| What chronic activity commonly causes hypomagnesemia? | Chronic alcoholism as result of insufficient food intake.
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| How does fluid loss from GI tract contribute to hypomagnesemia? | Interferes with Mg2+ absorption
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| How can prolong parenteral nutrition contribute to hypomagnesemia? | Prolong parenteral nutrition without magnesium supplement hypomagnesemia
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| How do many diuretics affect the level of magnesium? | Many diuretics increase the risk of magnesium loss through renal excretion
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| How does osmotic diuresis affect magnesium levels? | Osmotic dieresis caused by high glucose levels in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus increases renal excretion of magnesium
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| What are the clinical significant manifestations of hypomagnesemia? | 1. Confusion 2. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes 3. Tremors 4. Seizures 5. Predispose to cardiac dysrhythmias
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| Clinically, hypomagnesemia resembles what other deficiency? | Hyopcalcemia and hypomagnesemia may contribute to hypocalcemia as a result of decreased action of PTH.
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| Explain how hypomagnesemia associated with hypokalemia does not respond well to potassium replacement? | This occurs because intracellular magnesium is critical to normal function of the sodium potassium pump
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| Mild magnesium deficiencies can be treated with: | Oral supplements and increased dietary intake of foods high in magnesium
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| List some food rich in magnesium: | 1. Green vegetables 2. Nuts 3. Bananas 4. Oranges 5. Peanut butter 6. Chocolate
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| Severe magnesium deficiencies can be treated with: | Parenteral IV or IM magnesium (Magnesium sulfate). Too rapid administration of magnesium can lead to cardiac or respiratory arrest
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