Mgmt of Pts w/ musculoskeletal Disorders
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| What is term of pain radiating down leg | radiculopathy or sciatica
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| What usually relieves acute low back pain? Chronic? | Low back pain: NSAIDS, heat, manipulation
chronic: tricyclic antidepressants
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| What is bursitis/tendinitis | inflammatory condition of bursae sacs
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| what is impingement syndrome | lesions that involve the rotator cuff of shoulder
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| what is carpal tunnel syndrome | median nerve at wrist is compressed by thickened tendon sheath, skeletal encroachment, edema or soft tissue mass
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| What sign is used for carpal tunnel syndrome | Tinel's sign
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| what is treatment of carpal tunnel | open nerve release or endoscopic laser surgery
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| what are ganglion | collection of gelatinous material near tendon sheaths adn joints on wrist. TX: aspiration, corticosteroid injection, surgical excision
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| what is Dupuytren's Disease | inherited, slowly progression contracture of palmar fascia, flexes 4th/5th fingers and middle finger.
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| when is ice best | 24-48 hours after surgery
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| what is a corn | area of hyperkeratosis(overgrowth of horny layer of epidermis), usually 5th toe.
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| what is callus | thickened area of skin exposed to friction.
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| what is onychocryptosis | ingrown toe nail, clip straight across
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| Deformities of the foot: Hammer toe Hallux Valgus(bunion, and assoc with OA) Pes Cavus Morton's Neuroma Flatfoot | Hammer toe: flexion of interphalangeal joint
Bunion: great toe deviates laterally
Pes Cavus: abnormally high arch (clawfoot)
Morton's Neuroma: swelling 3rd toe
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| When is peak adult mass achieved? | B/n 18-25 yrs
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| What are some interventions for osteoporosis | incr Ca, weight bearing exercise, decr caffeine, cig, carbonated drinks, alcohol
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| what is osteoporosis | reduced bone mass, deterioration of bone matrix, diminished bone strength.
Osteoclast bone resorption out weighs bone formation
Leads to kyphosis
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| What hormones related to Ca incr and decr in aged | estrogen and Calcitonin- decr
PTH- incr bone turnover and resorption
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| Who is at greatest risk for osteoporosis | small framed, nonobese, Caucasian women
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| Recommended Ca intake? Vit. D? | Ca: 1000-1200
Vit D: 800-1000
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| where is Ca best absorbed | Duodenum in sm intestine
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| When can osteoporosis be detectable | When 25%- 40% demineralization so BMD testing is recommended for 65 yrs and older
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| what is good mgmt against osteoporosis | rich diet of Ca and Vit. D, 20-30 min weight bearing exercise 3x wk.
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| what is osteomalacia | Usually a lack of Vit. D
metabolic bone disease, softening/weakening of skeleton, many fractures
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| how does the liver/kidney aid in Ca absorption | liver/kidney convert Vit. D to active form to absorb Ca
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| What leads to osteomalacia? hyperthyroidism, hypo, hyperpara, hypopara | hyperparathyroidism
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| What is Paget's Disease | localized rapid bone turnover in skull, femur, tibia, pelvic bones, vertebrae. Enlarged skull
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| What retards bone resorption | Calcitonin
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| what is osteomyelitis | infection of the bone that results in inflammation, necrosis, formation of new bone
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| Who is most at risk for osteomyelitis | elderly, malnourished, obese
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| what is process of a bone abscess if not treated | the sequestrum forms- dead bone tissue in abscess cavity then covered by new bone growth, involucrum, surrounds sequestrum.
Tx: remove dead bone tissue
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| What kind of benign bone tumors did we learn | "droma" osteochondroma, enchondroma, bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma
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| what is the most common | osteochondroma, usually at ends of long bones
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| what kind of malignant bone tumors did we learn | "sarcoma" osteosarcoma(most common and most fatal), chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, fibrosarcoma
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| which is more common, metastatic bone disease or primary bone tumors | metastatic bone disease(secondary bone tumor)
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| what is autograft? allograft? | autograft: bone tissue from pt
allograft: cadaver donor
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