Chapter 13 flashcards
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| What is the function of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4? | Increase basal metabolic rate
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| What is the function of oxytocin? | Enhance contraction of muscle cells in uterus and stimulate milk ejection from mammary glands
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| What is the function of PRL? | Initiate and maintain milk production by the mammary glands
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| What is the function of glucagon? | Increase blood glucose level when too low
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| What is the function of ADH? | Causes the kidneys to retain more water, thus increasing urine volume
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| What is the function of insulin? | Decreases blood glucose level when too high
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| What is the function of epinephrine? | Increase blood flow to heart
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| What is the function of hGh? | Promote synthesis and secretion of small protein hormones called IGH
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| What is the function of cortisol? | Protein breakdown, Glucose formation, Breakdown of trigylicerides, and anti-iflammatory effects
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| What is the function of TSH? | Stimulate synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid glands
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| What is the function of FSH & LH? | Initiate the development of follicles and triggering ovulation
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| What is the funcion of progesterone? | Regulate menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, and prepare mammary glands for lactation
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| What is the function of estrogen? | Regulate menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, and prepare the mammary glands for lactation
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| What is the function of norepinephrine? | Increase blood flow to the body
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| Compare and Contrast how endocrin and exocrine glands work | Both participate in secretion but exocrine secrete into ducts out of the body and endocrine secrete into interstitial fluid and carried throughout body
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| Describe the role of target cells and receptor sites | Target cells are specified for a given hormone and receptor sites bind and recognize hormones
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| Identify the location of receptor sites for lipid soluble and water soluble hormones | Either on target cell surface or on the plasma membrane
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| Describe 3 ways that hormone secretions are controlled | Signals from nervous system, Chemical changes in blood, and Other hormones
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| Neuropathy | Disease of nerves, common with diabetes
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| Hypophysectomy | Removal of pituitary gland
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| Gangrene | Death of tissue secondary to low oxygen levels
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| Emaciation | Extremely thin, wasting
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| Diaphoresis | Excessive sweating
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| Cachexia | State of malnutrition, wasting
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| Anorexia | Loss of appetite
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| Acidosis | Accumulation of acids in the blood, symptoms of diabetes
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| Acromegaly | Enlarged and distorted extremities of the face
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| Lacto | Prefix meaning milk
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| Hyperinsulinism | Causes- diabetic injects too much insulin
Symptoms- decreased blood glucose level, mental disorientation, convulsions, unconsciousness, and shock
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| Type II Diabetes | Causes- overweight, target cells become less sensitive to insulin
Symptoms- high glucose levels, low insulin/high insulin
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| Type I Diabetes | Causes- immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells
Symptoms- low insulin, breakdown of trigylecerides, ketone accumulation, fatty acids produce ATP
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| Addisons Disease | Causes- hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone
Symptoms- mental lethargy, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, hypoglycemia, weakness, low blood pressure, dehydration, elevated potassium, decreased sodium
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| Cushings Disease | Causes- hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex, breakdown of muscle protein
Symptoms- spindly arms/legs, "moon" face, "buffalo hump", hanging abs, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, mood swings
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