Endocrine Unit
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| How are endocrine and exocrine glands different? | Endocrine glands secret into interitial fluid, fluid that surrounds tissue cells while exocrine glands secrete into ducts that carry its product to a body cavity.
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| What are target cells and receptor sites? | Target cells are the specific cell a hormone goes to, the receptor site is what recognizes the specific hormone.
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| Where are the receptor sites for lipid soluble and water soluble hormones? | Lipid soluble receptor sites are found within the target cells, water soluble receptor sites are found on the outside of the target cells.
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| In what three ways are hormone secretions controlled? | 1.Signals from the nervous system 2. Chemical changes in the blood 3. Chemical changes in other hormones
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| What are hGh and IGF, what are their function? | hGh(human growth hormone) -promotes synthesis and secretion of small protein hormones called IGFs. IGF(insulinlike growth factors) -stimulates protein synethesis, helps maintain muscle and bone mass, and promotes healing of innjuries and tissue repair.
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| What are GHRH and GHIH, what are their functions? | GHRH(growth hormone-realesing hormone) -hypothalamien that controls secretion of hGh, blood glucose below levels. GHIH(growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) -hypothalamien that controls secretion of hGh, blood glucose above levels.
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| What are TSH and TRH, what are their functions? | TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) -stimulates the synthesis and secretion of theyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. TRH(thyrotropin-releasing hormone) -controls TSH secretion.
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| What are FSH, LH, and GnRH, what are their functions? | FSH(folicle stimulating hormone) -developes ovarian follicles -stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogens(LH) -stimulates sperm production LH(lutenizing hormone) -triggers ovulation GnRH(gonadotropin-releasing hormone) - realse of FSH and LH
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| What are PRL, PIH, and PRH, what are their functions? | PRL(prolactin)-initiates and maintains milk prouction in mammary glands. PIH(prolactin-inhibiting hormone) -suppresses the release of prolactin most of the time. PRH(prolactin-releasing hormone) -stimulates release of prolactin.
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| What is oxytocin and its function? | 1. enhances contraction of smooth muscle cells int he wall of the uterus during dilivery. 2. stimulates milk ejection after dilivery.
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| What is ADH and its function? | ADH(antidiuretic hormone) -decreases urine production -causes kidneys to retain more water -decreases water loss through sweating
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| What are T3 and T4, what are their functions? | T3(thyroxine) T4(triiodothyronine) -increases basal metabolic rate(BMR)
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| What is glucagon and its function? | Glucagon(hormone) -increases blood glucose levels when they fall below normal, also causes ATP prouction.
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| What is insulin and its function? | Insulin(hormone) -helps glucose move into cells, especially muscle fibers.
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| What is cortisol and its function? | Cortisol(most abundant glucocorticoid) -breaksdown protein -forms glucose -breaksdown triglycerides -has anti-inflammatory effects
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| What are epinepherine and norepinephrine, what are their functions? | Epinepherine and noreponepherine(two main hormones of the adrenal medullae) -fight or flight respones -increase pumping out-put of the heart -increases blood pressure -increases blood flow to some areas
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| What are estrogen and progesterone, what are their functions? | Estrogen and progesterone(female sex hormone) -regulates menstral cycle -maintains pregnancy -prepares mammary glands for lactation
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| What causes Cushings disease and what are its symptoms? | This is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol, the symptoms are spindly arms and legs, rounded "moon face", "buffalo hump" on the back, and a hanging abdomen.
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| What causes Addisons disease and what are its symptoms? | This is caused by hyposecretion of glucocoricoids and aldosterone, the symptoms are mental lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, hypoglycemis, and muscular weakness.
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| What causes Typer1 diabetes and what are its symptoms? | This is caused by low insulin leves fur to the immune system hestroying pancreatic beta cells, the symptoms are increasing thirst, frequent urnination, hunger, weight loss, fatique, and blurred vision.
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| What causes Type2 diabetes and what are its symptoms? | This is caused by high glucose levels in the blood, the symptoms are increased thirst and hunger, dry mouth, frequent urination, weight loss, fatique, blurred vision, and headaches.
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| What causes Hyperinsulism and what are its symptoms? | This is caused when a diabetic injects too much insulin, the symptoms are hypoglycemia, mantal disorientation, convulsions, unconsiousness, and shock.
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| lact(o) | prefix meaning milk
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| acromegaly | enlarged and distorted extremities of the face
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| acidosis | accumulation of acids in the blood (symp of diabetes)
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| anorexia | loss of appetite
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| cachexia | state of malnutrition, wasting
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| diaphoresis | excessive sweating
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| emaciation | extremely thin, wasting
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| gangrene | death of tissue secondary to low oxygen levels
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| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary glands
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| neuropathy | disease of nerves, common with diabetes
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