QUIZ BIO PAP TAG - RNA Function, Structure, Protein Synthesis
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| Where are DNA and RNA located in a eukaryotic cell? | DNA-nucleus
RNA-pretty much anywhere depending on type of RNA
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| How many strands does DNA have? RNA have? | DNA- double strand.
RNA- single strand
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| Name the sugar in DNA vs. RNA | DNA- deoxyribose
RNA- ribose
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| Name the type of nucleotides in DNA vs. RNA | DNA - deoxyribose nucleotide
RNA - ribose nucleotide
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| Name the 4 bases | DNA - A, G, C, T
RNA - A, G, C, U
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| The 3 types of RNA are: | 1. messenger, 2. ribosomal, 3. transfer. All are made by the process of transcription
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| What is the function of messenger RNA | carries genetic info from nucleus to cytoplasm. Messenger carries the 'blueprint'
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| What is the function of transfer RNA? | brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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| What is the function of ribosomal RNA | guides the translation of mRNA into a protein. Interacts with mRNA in translation
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| What is the structure of messenger RNA | linear
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| What is the structure of ribosomal RNA | globular, highly folded quate
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| What is the structure of transfer RNA | highly folded tertiary structure
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| DNA is the code that tells your cells which___________ to make | protein
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| Code is the sequence of the _____________ within a gene | nitrogenous base
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| A gene is a sequence of ________ that codes for a particular ___________ | DNA, particular protein
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| Genes code for _________ kinds of proteins. Some are proteins that _____________ expression of other genes | different
regulate
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| Proteins are made of _______________ therefore, code tells cell which amino acids to link together. By what process? | amino acid
translation
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| Function of protein collagen and elastin in tendons and ligaments | support
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| Function of protein hemoglobin | transport. binds red blood cells to oxygen
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| Function of hormone like insulin | regulation
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| Function of actin and myosin in muscle contraction | movement
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| Function of antibodies secreted by special white blood cells known as _________ cells | defense
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| Function of catalysts such as catalase, proteases, lipases, many others | act as enzymes
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| Function of ______ to store amino acids such as casein does in mammal's milk | storage
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| Proteins also determine your __________ or physical appearance | phenotype
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| All 3 types of RNA are made by the process of _______________ by an enzyme known as ____________ | transcription, RNA polymerase.
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| DNA is the template for making RNA by assembling a sequence of RNA ___________ called ______________ | nucleotides called ribonucles.(question if ribonucles is correct)
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| In eukaryotic cells, making RNA is conducted in the _____________nucleus mostly by an enzyme known as ______________ | nucleus, RNA polymerase
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| RNA that is synthesized in the nucleus then goes to the _________ where it performs its function | cytoplasm
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| If it is m-RNA that is made, it is then ____________ by _____________. | translated by ribosomal subunits
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| If it is rRNA that is made, it is then ___________ by ____________________ |
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| If it is tRNA that is made, it is then _______________ by ______________ |
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| In prokaryotic cells, making RNA is conducted in the ________ and ______________ follows in the same location. | cytoplasm and translation
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| In prokaryotic cells, DNA is __________ and RNA is _____________ taken to the job site | master plan, blueprint
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| Translation. Making of a ___________ (or __________) | polypeptide (or protein)
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| mRNA is read by ____________ in the translation function | ribosome
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| In translation, as code is translated, the correct _________ ____________ are put together to make a protein. Involves __________, ____________ and _____________ (that contain rRNA and various enzymes | amino acids
, mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes
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| Specifics of Transcription _________ binds to DNA at a site known as a promoter (have specific base sequences). DNA is _________ and separated. One of the two strands is used as the ___________ or pattern for making mRNA. Known as the ___________ strand. | RNA polymerase,
unwound,
template,
sense
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| More Specifics of Transcription in Eukaryotic Cells: RNA polymerase assembles______________ into an RNA strand. Any form of RNA is made this way. Mostly use this description for mRNA. The resulting mRNA is known as the primary transcript | ribonucleotides
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| Protein synthesis takes place ON the ______________ in the cell. | ribosomes
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| Ribosomes are made of protein and another type of RNA called ___________ RNA | ribosomal
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| About 80% of the RNA in a cell is _______ RNA | ribosomal
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| Each amino acid that will be used in making a protein is attached to a type of RNA called _________ RNA | transfer
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| Number of amino acids is | 20
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| Ihn mRNA a triplet is called a codon. In tRNA a triplet is called an | anticodon
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| The transcription enyem that joins RNA nucleotides together is | RNA polymerase
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| What is the difference in RNA polymerase in Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes | prokaryotes only have one type of RNA polymerase. Eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases in their nuclei. Each is responsible for making different types of RNA
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| In eukaryotes, protein synthesis takes place in the nucleus, however mRNA, tRNA and rRNA are bult in the | nucleus
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| A special part of the nucleus, the _________,is where rRNA is synthesized | nucleolus
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| The ____________ is where rRNA and as many as 70 proteins are assembled into ribosomal subunits. | nucleolus
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| Durng protein synthesis, two ______ ______ bind to each other an an mRNA to form an intact | ribosomal subunits, ribosome
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| As RNA polymerase moves along a gene, it partially unzips the DNA _____ _______ | double helix
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| Transcription takes place in 3 stages __________, ______________ and ____________ | initiation, elongation and termination
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| More specifics of transcription in Eukaryotic cells: RNA processing. Sequences of ____________ that do not code for part of a particular protein may be found within the primary transcript of mRNA. Known as _______ or intervening sequences | nucleotide,
intron
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| Sequences of nucleotides that are to be ___________ to make a particular protein are also present within the primary transcript of mRNA Known as ___________ or expressed sequences | expressed,
exons
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| ____________ get cut out of the primary transcript and the remaining ________ get spliced together to make the final transcript | Intron,
exons
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| Specifics of TRANSLATION After editing, the mRNA travels to the ______________ (in eukaryotic cells) First, a _____ ______ _____bonds to the mRNA and reads the first ______(first 3 nucleotides) The first 3 nucleotides are also known as the ______ codon | small ribosomal subunit,
codon,
start
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| In RNA TRanslation, a _________ with an anti-codon to match the codon, is loaded with the ____ _____ specified by the mRNA. The tRNA travels to the _____ and joins the large ribosomal subunit at the __ site of the ribosome | tRNA,
amino acid,
mRNA,
P
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| in RNA Translation.... A fully functioning ribosome 'reads the next ______ and the second tRNA delivers the second amino acid coded for by the ____ on the mRNA to the ___ site of the ribosome | codon,
2nd codon,
A
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| RNA Transcription: As the full function ribosome reads the next codon,the 1st amino acid and the 2nd amino acid in the growing amino acid chain are linked together by _____ ____ (a ___(covalent) bond forms between them)and the 1st tRNA ___ the ribosome | dehydration synthesis,
peptide,
exits,
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| RNA Translation The 2nd tRNA ______________ (carrying the growing polypeptide chain) to the P site and the next codon is translated | translocates
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| RNA Translation The ribosome continues to 'translate' the mRNA until a _____ codon is reached. Stop codons may be ___, ___ or ___ | stop
UAA, UAG, or UGA
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| RNA Translation: Lastly, the __________ is released and the ribosomal subunits fall away from the mRNA. If more of this gene product (this protein) is not needed, the RNA is ______. The polypeptide chain then folds up and becomes a functioning _____. | polypeptide,
degraded,
protein
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| List 8 important functions of proteins | 1. support (collagen and elastin)
2. transport (the protein gates, pumps,channels in cell membrane, hemoglobin transport of O2)
3. regulation (hormones insulin)
4. movement (actin and myosin in muscles)
5.defense-amtibodies
6.enzymes
7storage
8.ph
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| The smallest size for a code word in DNA is ___ nucleotides. This code is copied or transcribed into mRNA. The 3 resulting n ucleotides on MRNA form a __________ which specifies a particular _____ ______. | 3,codon, amino acid
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| What is the 3 letter 'word' for the 'start' codon? | UAC
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| What are the 3 STOP codons? | UAA, UAG, UGA
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| Translation is the process in which the _____ RNA code is read and converted to a specific amino acid sequence in a protein chain. | messenger
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| Protein synthesis involves DNA, mRNA, ________, ________, and _____ ________. | tRNA, rRNA and amino acids.
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| Ho many bases are exposed on a molecule of tRNA? _______ These are complementary to the bases on _________. Whereas, the three mRNA bases are called a codon, the three tRNA bases are call an ________ | 3, mRNA, anticodon
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| Each tRNA attaches to a specific ______ and carries it to the ___________. As the codon and __________ bind together, the amino acids join forming a __________ bond. | amino acid, ribosome, anticodon, peptide
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| All three types of RNA are formed by ____ _________ in the nucleus during the process of ___________; yet each leves the nucleus going in different directions. They do however, reunite in the _________ where _________ synthesis occurs. | RNA polymerase, transcription, ribosomes, protein
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| Transfer RNA has 2 sites of attachmednt: one for ______ ________ and the other for _____ ______. | mRNA codons , amino acids
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| If the codon on an mRNA molecuile reads AUC, what would the tRNA anticodon read? | UAG
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| What would have been the original sequence of bases in the DNA molecule if a mRNA codon was AUC? | TAG
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| Describe the steps used in the DNA extraction and spooling lab. What was the function of each water, woolite, papain and alcohol in the lab. | Extract DNA from calf thymus. Cells blended with water in blender and 20ml woolite added. 3G of meat tenderizer added. 5ml ethonol poured down side so layered on top. Stick inserted. Precipitate of DNA forms. Spool it slowly.
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| What is the purpose of the woolite in the experiment? | dissolve fatty or lipid components
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| What is the purpose of meat tenderizer (papain) in the experiment? | break protein chains using the enzyme papain
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| What is the purpose of alcohol in the extraction. | wash away the monosaccharides, lipid fragments and amino acids from the proteins without dissolving the DNA.
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| What is the purpose of step 1, adding the water to the thymus cell mixture? | The carbohydrates are separated by adding water to the thymus cell mixture. The hydrolysis of the carbohydrates breaks them down in to monosaccharides which are washed away in the later step by adding the ethanol.
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