unit one science
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| What are the characteristics of living things? | They reproduce, respond to the environment, they remove wastes, they need energy, and they need to grow.
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| What is the cell theory? | 1)Cells are the basic unit of lif2
2)Cells come from per-existing cells.
3)All living things are made of cells.
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| Nucleus | like the brain.
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| Cell membrane | this structure is like a skin that surrounds the whole cell. It keeps the inside of the cell separate from what is outside it. It also controls what enters and leaves the cell.
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| Cytoplasm | This clear, jelly-like fluid holds the organelles of the cell in place.
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| Mitochondria | These ban-shaped structures are the energy producers.
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| Vacuoles | they store energy materials such as wastes for a short time. Plant cells usually have big ones while animal cells have small ones.
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| Cell wall | It surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells. It also gives the plant cell protection and supports its box-like shape.
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| Chloroplasts | These green-coloured structures in plant cells trap the Sun's light energy and change it to chemical energy for use by cell.
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| Plant cell vs animal cell | Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, they are larger and rectangular, and their vacuole is big. Animal cells do not have a cell wall or a chloroplast, they are smaller and oval like, they also have a small vacuole.
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| Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic | Prokaryotic cells are the oldest, they have no nucleus, no organelles, and they are bacteria. Eukaryotic cells are newer, they have a nucleus and they have organelles.
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| Viruses | 1)They are non living.
2)Need a host cell to reproduce.
3)Much smaller than bacteria.
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| Diffusion | Movement of particles from high to low concentration.
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| Osmosis | Diffusion of water from high to low concentration.
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| Cells | Basic unit of life.
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| Tissue | A group of cells that have the same structure and function.
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| Organ | A group of tissues working together to perform a task.
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| Organ system | A system that includes one or more organs that wok together to perform specific functions in the body.
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| Organism | A living thing.
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| Body system | Cells-> Tissue-> Organ-> Organ system-> Organism
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| Circulatory system | Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes.
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| Digestive system | Takes in food. Breaks down food. Absorbs nutrients. Eliminates solid wastes.
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| Respiratory system | Controls breathing. Exchanges gases in lungs and tissues.
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| Excretory system | Removes liquid and gas wastes from the body.
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| Immune system | Defends the body against infections.
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| Reproductive system | Includes reproductive organs for producing offsprings.
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| Integumentary system | Includes skin, hair, and nails. Creates a waterproof protective barrier around the body.
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| Skeletal system | Supports, protects, and works with muscles to move parts of the body.
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| Muscular system | Has muscles that work with the bones to move parts of the body.
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| Nervous system | Detects changes in the environment and signals there changes tp the body, which carries out a response.
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| Carbohydrates | The body's quickest source of energy.
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| Proteins | Used to build parts of your body(Muscles, skin, hair, and nails)
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| Fats | Are used to cell membranes;stored for later use.
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| Minerals & Vitamins | Are needed by the body in small amounts to perform various body functions.
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| Antibody vs antigen | An antibody is specific particles created by the immune system to destroy specific disease-causing invaders. Antigens are any substances the body cannot recognize, usually a non living particle.
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| B cells | A type of white blood cells that recognize antigens present in the body and produces specific antibodies to fight them.
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| T cells | Specialized white blood cells that fight diseases either by activating B cells(helper t cells) or by attacking antigens directly.
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| Larynx | A tube-like structure that contains the vocal cords; air passes through it to produce sounds of the voice.
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| Arteries vs veins | Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart while veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
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| Innate vs acquired immunity | Innate immunity response to invading pathogens is quick and general, or non-specific. Acquired immune response is a highly specific attack on a particular pathogen or antigen.
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| Eating disorders | Anorexia, bulimic, and obesity.
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| Function of cartilage in trachea | The function is to protect the trachea from collapsing.
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| Capillaries | Are very thin blood vessels that link arteries with veins. Oxygen diffuses from capillaries into cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells into capillaries.
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| First line of defence | It's physical, it stops pathogens from entering the body through the skin, linings of systems, sweat and oil on skin, aside and stomach, and mucus and cilia.
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| Second line of defence | Has two parts innate and acquired.
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| Compound light Microscope | The type of microscope usually used in science classes and medical laboratories to enlarge images.
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| Electron Microscope | A microscope of extremely high power.
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| Magnification power | The number of times larger an image appears under a particular lens.
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| Resolving power | The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two objects that are very close together.
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| Scanning electron microscope | AS powerful microscope that scientists use for research.
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| When were early microscopes built? | In the late 1600s and early 1700s
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | In cells, a network of membrane-covered channels that transport materials.
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| Ribosomes | Cell parts that assemble proteins.
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| Golgi body | A structure in cells that sorts proteins and packs then into vesicles.
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| Lysosomes | A cell structure containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes, and worn-out parts.
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| Chloroplasts | Parts of plant cells that trap energy from the Sun and change it into chemical energy that plants use.
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| Arteries | Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
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| Veins | Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
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| Trachea | Long airway passage between lungs and throat.
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| Cilia | Tiny hairs that filter air and push particles.
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| Organelle | A cell part in which functions are carried out to ensure the cell's survival.
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| Bacteria | Any of various groups of single-celled micro-organisms, some of which can cause disease.
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| Concentration | The amount of a substance contained in a given space; the more there is, the higher...
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| Selectively permeable membrane | A membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out.
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| Digestion | The process in which food is broken down, its nutrients are absorbed and stored, and the wastes are eliminated.
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| Excretion | The process in which liquid and gas wastes are flushed from the body.
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| Gastric Juice | A mixture of hydrochloric acid, mucus, and enzymes that is secreted by the stomach lining and aids in digestion.
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| Mucus | A thick, slippery substance that lines various structures and organs in the body such as the nose, lungs, and stomach.
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| Nutrients | A substance the body needs for energy, growth, development, repair, or maintenance.
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| Villi | Fold-like structures lining the wall of the small intestine, which increases the surface available to absorb nutrients.
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| Arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
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| Blood | The fluid that transports substances to and from all parts of the body; consists of plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
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| Gas exchange | In the lungs, a process in which carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli, and oxygen passes into the capillaries.
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| Antibody | Specific particles created by the immune system to destroy specific disease-causing invaders.
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| Antigen | Any substance the body cannot recognize, usually a non-living particle.
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| Pathogens | An organism or substance that can cause a disease.
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| White blood cells | Blood cells that fight infection and help prevent the growth of cancer.
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| Amplitude | The height of a wave crest or depth of a wave trough as measured from the wave's rest position; a measure of energy carried by the wave.
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| Crest | The highest point in a wave.
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| Energy | The capacity for applying a force.
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| Frequency | In a wave, the number of repetitive motions,or vibrations, that occur in a given time, measured in cycles per second or hertz.
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| Trough | The lowest point in a wave.
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| Wave | A repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space without causing any permanent displacement of material.
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| Wavelength | The distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the nearest wave.
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| Light | The form of electromagnetic energy we can see.
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| Reflection | The visible effect when light strikes an object and bounces off.
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| Refraction | The bending or changing direction of a wave as it changes speed in moving from one material to another.
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| spectrum | A range of frequencies for a given type of radiation.
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| Visible light | Electromagnetic waves and wavelengths of 750-billionths to 400-billionths of a meter, which can be detected by human eyes; also called the visible spectrum.
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| Wave model of light | A model of light behaviour that represents light traveling as a wave.
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| What colour does blue and green make? | Cyan.
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| What colour does blue and red make? | Magenta.
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| Electromagnetic Radiation | The transmission of energy in the form of waves or rays, from the longest radio waves to the shortest gamma rays.
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| Gamma rays | Electromagnetic radiation having the highest energy and frequency and shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
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| Infrared Waves | Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength longer than the red end of the visible spectrum but shorter that the radio waves.
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| Microwaves | A type of radio wave that has the shortest wavelength of radio waves.
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| Radio Waves | The type of electromagnetic wave that has a wavelength longer than about 1mm; used for communication.
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| Ultraviolet Waves | Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength shorter than that of a violet end of the visible spectrum but longer than that of X rays.
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| X Rays | Electromagnetic radiation having shorter wavelengths and higher energy and frequency than ultraviolet rays.
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| Angle of incidence | The angle formed by the incident ray and the normal.
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| Angle of reflection | The angle formed be the reflected ray and the normal.
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| Angle of refraction | The angle of ray light emerging from the boundary between two materials, measured between the refracted ray and the normal.
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| Normal | An imaginary line drawn perpendicular to a reflecting or refracting surface at the point where an incident ray strikes the surface.
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| Opaque | No light can pass through.
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| Translucent | Allowing some light through.
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| Transparent | Allowing light to pass through.
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| Concave | A lens that is thinner in the middle than around the edges. Curved inward.
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| Convex | A lens that is thicker in the middle than around the edges. Curved outward.
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| Diverging | Spreading apart.
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| Focal point | The point at which converging light rays meet or from which light rays diverge.
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| Focal Length | The distance from the centre of a lens or mirror to the focal point.
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| Lens | A curved piece of transparent material that refracts light in such a way as to converge or diverge parallel light rays
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| Astigmatism | Blurred vision caused by an irregularly shaped cornea.
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| Blind spot | Place on the retina where the optic nerve is attached and which cannot detect light because of the absence of both rod and cone cels.
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| Pupil | The dark, transparent region in the centre of the eye where light enters.
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| Iris | The coloured ring of muscle surrounding the pupil of the eye.
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| Cornea | A transparent tissue covering the iris and pupil of the eye.
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| Sclera | An opaque tissue surrounding the cornea; visible as the white part of the eye surrounding the iris.
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| Retina | The inner linking of the back of the eye containing light-sensetive rods and cones that convert light images into the electrical signals for interpretation by the brain.
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| Optic nerve | The nerve that connects the eye to the brain.
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| What happens as the wavelength of a wave decreases? | Frequency increases.
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| When light reflects off white paper, a mirror image does not form because? | The paper is not smooth enough to reflect light rays in a regular way.
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| A lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edge. | Is convex and magnifies the image.
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| Transmit, absorb | Transmit means to let light pass through, while absorb means to block light without reflecting or transmitting it.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
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