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Science unit 1
unit one science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the characteristics of living things? | They reproduce, respond to the environment, they remove wastes, they need energy, and they need to grow. |
| What is the cell theory? | 1)Cells are the basic unit of lif2 2)Cells come from per-existing cells. 3)All living things are made of cells. |
| Nucleus | like the brain. |
| Cell membrane | this structure is like a skin that surrounds the whole cell. It keeps the inside of the cell separate from what is outside it. It also controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Cytoplasm | This clear, jelly-like fluid holds the organelles of the cell in place. |
| Mitochondria | These ban-shaped structures are the energy producers. |
| Vacuoles | they store energy materials such as wastes for a short time. Plant cells usually have big ones while animal cells have small ones. |
| Cell wall | It surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells. It also gives the plant cell protection and supports its box-like shape. |
| Chloroplasts | These green-coloured structures in plant cells trap the Sun's light energy and change it to chemical energy for use by cell. |
| Plant cell vs animal cell | Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, they are larger and rectangular, and their vacuole is big. Animal cells do not have a cell wall or a chloroplast, they are smaller and oval like, they also have a small vacuole. |
| Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic | Prokaryotic cells are the oldest, they have no nucleus, no organelles, and they are bacteria. Eukaryotic cells are newer, they have a nucleus and they have organelles. |
| Viruses | 1)They are non living. 2)Need a host cell to reproduce. 3)Much smaller than bacteria. |
| Diffusion | Movement of particles from high to low concentration. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water from high to low concentration. |
| Cells | Basic unit of life. |
| Tissue | A group of cells that have the same structure and function. |
| Organ | A group of tissues working together to perform a task. |
| Organ system | A system that includes one or more organs that wok together to perform specific functions in the body. |
| Organism | A living thing. |
| Body system | Cells-> Tissue-> Organ-> Organ system-> Organism |
| Circulatory system | Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes. |
| Digestive system | Takes in food. Breaks down food. Absorbs nutrients. Eliminates solid wastes. |
| Respiratory system | Controls breathing. Exchanges gases in lungs and tissues. |
| Excretory system | Removes liquid and gas wastes from the body. |
| Immune system | Defends the body against infections. |
| Reproductive system | Includes reproductive organs for producing offsprings. |
| Integumentary system | Includes skin, hair, and nails. Creates a waterproof protective barrier around the body. |
| Skeletal system | Supports, protects, and works with muscles to move parts of the body. |
| Muscular system | Has muscles that work with the bones to move parts of the body. |
| Nervous system | Detects changes in the environment and signals there changes tp the body, which carries out a response. |
| Carbohydrates | The body's quickest source of energy. |
| Proteins | Used to build parts of your body(Muscles, skin, hair, and nails) |
| Fats | Are used to cell membranes;stored for later use. |
| Minerals & Vitamins | Are needed by the body in small amounts to perform various body functions. |
| Antibody vs antigen | An antibody is specific particles created by the immune system to destroy specific disease-causing invaders. Antigens are any substances the body cannot recognize, usually a non living particle. |
| B cells | A type of white blood cells that recognize antigens present in the body and produces specific antibodies to fight them. |
| T cells | Specialized white blood cells that fight diseases either by activating B cells(helper t cells) or by attacking antigens directly. |
| Larynx | A tube-like structure that contains the vocal cords; air passes through it to produce sounds of the voice. |
| Arteries vs veins | Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart while veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. |
| Innate vs acquired immunity | Innate immunity response to invading pathogens is quick and general, or non-specific. Acquired immune response is a highly specific attack on a particular pathogen or antigen. |
| Eating disorders | Anorexia, bulimic, and obesity. |
| Function of cartilage in trachea | The function is to protect the trachea from collapsing. |
| Capillaries | Are very thin blood vessels that link arteries with veins. Oxygen diffuses from capillaries into cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells into capillaries. |
| First line of defence | It's physical, it stops pathogens from entering the body through the skin, linings of systems, sweat and oil on skin, aside and stomach, and mucus and cilia. |
| Second line of defence | Has two parts innate and acquired. |
| Compound light Microscope | The type of microscope usually used in science classes and medical laboratories to enlarge images. |
| Electron Microscope | A microscope of extremely high power. |
| Magnification power | The number of times larger an image appears under a particular lens. |
| Resolving power | The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two objects that are very close together. |
| Scanning electron microscope | AS powerful microscope that scientists use for research. |
| When were early microscopes built? | In the late 1600s and early 1700s |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | In cells, a network of membrane-covered channels that transport materials. |
| Ribosomes | Cell parts that assemble proteins. |
| Golgi body | A structure in cells that sorts proteins and packs then into vesicles. |
| Lysosomes | A cell structure containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes, and worn-out parts. |
| Chloroplasts | Parts of plant cells that trap energy from the Sun and change it into chemical energy that plants use. |
| Arteries | Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. |
| Veins | Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. |
| Trachea | Long airway passage between lungs and throat. |
| Cilia | Tiny hairs that filter air and push particles. |
| Organelle | A cell part in which functions are carried out to ensure the cell's survival. |
| Bacteria | Any of various groups of single-celled micro-organisms, some of which can cause disease. |
| Concentration | The amount of a substance contained in a given space; the more there is, the higher... |
| Selectively permeable membrane | A membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out. |
| Digestion | The process in which food is broken down, its nutrients are absorbed and stored, and the wastes are eliminated. |
| Excretion | The process in which liquid and gas wastes are flushed from the body. |
| Gastric Juice | A mixture of hydrochloric acid, mucus, and enzymes that is secreted by the stomach lining and aids in digestion. |
| Mucus | A thick, slippery substance that lines various structures and organs in the body such as the nose, lungs, and stomach. |
| Nutrients | A substance the body needs for energy, growth, development, repair, or maintenance. |
| Villi | Fold-like structures lining the wall of the small intestine, which increases the surface available to absorb nutrients. |
| Arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. |
| Blood | The fluid that transports substances to and from all parts of the body; consists of plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells. |
| Gas exchange | In the lungs, a process in which carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli, and oxygen passes into the capillaries. |
| Antibody | Specific particles created by the immune system to destroy specific disease-causing invaders. |
| Antigen | Any substance the body cannot recognize, usually a non-living particle. |
| Pathogens | An organism or substance that can cause a disease. |
| White blood cells | Blood cells that fight infection and help prevent the growth of cancer. |
| Amplitude | The height of a wave crest or depth of a wave trough as measured from the wave's rest position; a measure of energy carried by the wave. |
| Crest | The highest point in a wave. |
| Energy | The capacity for applying a force. |
| Frequency | In a wave, the number of repetitive motions,or vibrations, that occur in a given time, measured in cycles per second or hertz. |
| Trough | The lowest point in a wave. |
| Wave | A repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space without causing any permanent displacement of material. |
| Wavelength | The distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the nearest wave. |
| Light | The form of electromagnetic energy we can see. |
| Reflection | The visible effect when light strikes an object and bounces off. |
| Refraction | The bending or changing direction of a wave as it changes speed in moving from one material to another. |
| spectrum | A range of frequencies for a given type of radiation. |
| Visible light | Electromagnetic waves and wavelengths of 750-billionths to 400-billionths of a meter, which can be detected by human eyes; also called the visible spectrum. |
| Wave model of light | A model of light behaviour that represents light traveling as a wave. |
| What colour does blue and green make? | Cyan. |
| What colour does blue and red make? | Magenta. |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | The transmission of energy in the form of waves or rays, from the longest radio waves to the shortest gamma rays. |
| Gamma rays | Electromagnetic radiation having the highest energy and frequency and shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| Infrared Waves | Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength longer than the red end of the visible spectrum but shorter that the radio waves. |
| Microwaves | A type of radio wave that has the shortest wavelength of radio waves. |
| Radio Waves | The type of electromagnetic wave that has a wavelength longer than about 1mm; used for communication. |
| Ultraviolet Waves | Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength shorter than that of a violet end of the visible spectrum but longer than that of X rays. |
| X Rays | Electromagnetic radiation having shorter wavelengths and higher energy and frequency than ultraviolet rays. |
| Angle of incidence | The angle formed by the incident ray and the normal. |
| Angle of reflection | The angle formed be the reflected ray and the normal. |
| Angle of refraction | The angle of ray light emerging from the boundary between two materials, measured between the refracted ray and the normal. |
| Normal | An imaginary line drawn perpendicular to a reflecting or refracting surface at the point where an incident ray strikes the surface. |
| Opaque | No light can pass through. |
| Translucent | Allowing some light through. |
| Transparent | Allowing light to pass through. |
| Concave | A lens that is thinner in the middle than around the edges. Curved inward. |
| Convex | A lens that is thicker in the middle than around the edges. Curved outward. |
| Diverging | Spreading apart. |
| Focal point | The point at which converging light rays meet or from which light rays diverge. |
| Focal Length | The distance from the centre of a lens or mirror to the focal point. |
| Lens | A curved piece of transparent material that refracts light in such a way as to converge or diverge parallel light rays |
| Astigmatism | Blurred vision caused by an irregularly shaped cornea. |
| Blind spot | Place on the retina where the optic nerve is attached and which cannot detect light because of the absence of both rod and cone cels. |
| Pupil | The dark, transparent region in the centre of the eye where light enters. |
| Iris | The coloured ring of muscle surrounding the pupil of the eye. |
| Cornea | A transparent tissue covering the iris and pupil of the eye. |
| Sclera | An opaque tissue surrounding the cornea; visible as the white part of the eye surrounding the iris. |
| Retina | The inner linking of the back of the eye containing light-sensetive rods and cones that convert light images into the electrical signals for interpretation by the brain. |
| Optic nerve | The nerve that connects the eye to the brain. |
| What happens as the wavelength of a wave decreases? | Frequency increases. |
| When light reflects off white paper, a mirror image does not form because? | The paper is not smooth enough to reflect light rays in a regular way. |
| A lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edge. | Is convex and magnifies the image. |
| Transmit, absorb | Transmit means to let light pass through, while absorb means to block light without reflecting or transmitting it. |
Created by:
glogan
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