chapters 10-18
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| formed elements constitute about _____ % of the blood volume | 45
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| functions of blood | transports materials, helps regulate pH of body fluids, helps fight infection
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| the 2 leukocytes that are most important in phagocytizing diease organisms and cellular debris | monocytes and neutrophils
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| a blood clot that moves from where it formed to plug another vessel | embolism
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| Rh+ blood normally has | Rh antigens and NO anti-Rh antibodies
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| a person with AB blood has plasma that contains | neither anti-a nor anti-b antibodies
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| inherited disorder that prevents normal blood clotting | hemophilia
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| most abundant leukocytes | neutrophils
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| blood clot is formed of blood cells entangled protein threads | fibrin
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| leukocytes that enter body tissues to become macrophages | monocytes
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| anemia caused by the inability to absorb vitamin B-12 in sufficient quantities | pernicious anemia
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| ABO and Rh blood types are determined by the presence or absence | antigens on erthrocytes
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| ions of inorganic compounds in the plasma are commonaly called | eletrolytes
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| person w/ type O blood contains | no antigens and anti-a and anti-b antibodies
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| erythoblastosis fetalis may occur in | Rh- mother with an Rh+ baby
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| disorder in which a clot has formed in an unbroken vein is called | thrombophlebitis
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| leukocyte with incospicuous lavender-staining cytoplasmic granules and multiple-lobed nucleus | neutrophil
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| leukocytes that move into body tissue to become mast cells that release histamine and heparin in allergic reaction or when tissues are damaged | basophils
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| erythrocytes are produced in the | red bone marrow
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| formed elementsthat transport oxgen and carbon dioxide are | erythrocytes
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| large leukocyte without cytoplasmic grandules and with kidney-shaped nucleus is | monocyte
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| leukocyte with red cytoplasmic granules and biobed neucleus is | eosinophil
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| hemoglobin | combines with oxygen, gives the red color to blood, consists of a protein an iron-containing pigment
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| plasma components that are antibodies | globulins
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| disorder characterized by inablility of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen as | anemia
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| erythropoetin concentration is regulated by kidney cells that are sensitive to changes in the blood concentration of | oxygen
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| most abundant formed element | erythrocytes
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| leukocyte with blue cytplasmic granules and a U-shaped nucleus is | basophil
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| worn-out and damaged erythrocytes are removed by the | liver and spleen
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| leukocytes | help fight disease organisms, may move from capillaries into body tissues, carry carbon dioxide from tissue cells
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| leukocytes that play a vital role in immunity | lyphocytes
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| albumin, globulins and fibrinogein | plasma proteins
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| heart chamber revieving deoxygenated blood from veins (from heart) | left atrium
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| antrioventricular valve prevents the flow of blood from | ventricle to an atrium
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| blood flow through heart (chambers & valves) | right atrium- tricuspic AV valve-right ventricle-pulmonary similunar valve-pulmonary trunk
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| blood returning to right atrium | deoxgenated
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| impulse transmission in the heart | SA node-AV node-AV bundle-Purkinje fibers
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| left ventricle pumps blood directly into | aorta
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| chordea tendieae ancor the cusps off | atrioventriculuar valves
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| external jugular vein | face, scalp, neck
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| brachial vein | upper arm
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| axillary vein | armpit
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| renal vein | kidney
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| gonadal vein | ovaries or testes
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| ulnar vein | hand and forearm
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| andterior and posterior tibial vein | foot and lower leg
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| hepatic artery | liver
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| coronary artery | heart
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| subclavian artery | shoulder and arm
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| femoral artery | thigh
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| carotid artery | head and neck
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| popliteal artery | knee
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| common iliac artery | pelvic region and leg
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| right atrium recieves blood directly from | venea cavea
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| fuction of precapillary sphincter is | allow flow of blood when tissues are in need of oxygen
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| ballooning of a portion of an artery b/c of a weak spot in its wall is called | aneurysm
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| death of part of heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary artery | myocardial infarction
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| flow of blood thru vessels | heart-artery-ateriole-capillaries-venule-veins-heart
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| veins carrying oxygenated bllood to the heart | pulmonary veins
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| type of muscle forming the heart | cardiac muscle tissue
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| thickest layer of heart wall | myocardium
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| pulmonary circuit carries blood to | lungs only
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| inflammation | normal respose, promotes healing
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| thoracic duct empties lymph into | left subclavian vein
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| clone of B-lyphocytes consist of | both plasma and memory B-cells
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| lyphocytes in lymphatic tissues are | differentiated B cells and T cells
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| activated B-cell | undergoes rapid cell division to produce a clone of B-cells that can bind only 1 type of antigen
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| localized infection may result in the formation of pus which is composed of | dead white blood cells, tissue cells and pathogens
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| flow of lymph | valves in lymphatic vessesl prevent a backflow, skeletal muscle contrations & respiratory movements help the flow of lymph
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| fever (not too high) | speeds up body's defense processes
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| lymphatic tissue that intercept pathogens near the entrance to the pharynx | tonsils
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| lysozyme helps to provide protecion against pathogenic | bacteria
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| removal of excess interstitial fluid by the lymphatic system | maintains normal blood volume and prevents edema
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| thymus gland | in mediastinum above the heart
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| the secondary immune response is | faster and more intense than first
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| most lymphatic vessels drain into | thoracic duct
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| immunity derived from an injection fo antibodies | artificially acquired passive immunity
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| blood is filtered and cleansed by | spleen
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| reserve supply of blood is stored in | spleen
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| HIV impairs immunity by destroying | helper T-cells
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| barrier against disease organisms | skin, mucous membranes, flow of tears
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| nonself molecules is made by | both B- and T-lymphocytes
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| filtration of lymph and production of lymphocytes are fuctions of the | lymph nodes
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| nodes at end of nasal cavity | pharyngeal tonsil
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| node at back of troat | palatine tonsil
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| node at back of tongue | lingual tonsil
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| localized infection usually is brought under control by the phagocytic action fo | neutrophils and macrophages
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| antibodies are produced by activated | plasma cells
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| for a lymphocyte to recongnize an antigen, it is engulfed and presented on the surface of a | macrophage
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| lymphatic organs | spleen, thymus, tonsils
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| ineffective removal of excess intersitial fluid by the lymphatic system | edema
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| B-lymphocytes provide | antibody-mediated immunity
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| interferon helps provide protection against pathogenic | viruses
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| type of lymphocyte that must bind w/ a presented antigen to start an immune response | helper T-cell
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| right lymphatic duct empties lymph into | right subclavian vein
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| once pathogen destroyed, immune reaction is curtailed by | suppressor T-cells
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| immunity derived from recieviving a vaccine | artificially acquired active immunity
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| lymphatic capillaries | closed-ended tubes
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| circulating lyphocytes in the blood are | T-lymphocytes
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| interstitial fluid enters a lymph capillary by | pressure of accumulated interstitial fluid that forces some fluid b/w capillary cells
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| monocytes that enter the tissues become transformed into | macrophages
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| once pathogens enter body tissues, the primary cells involved in phagocytosis are | neutrophils and macrophages
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| T-lymphocytes differentiated and mature in the | thymus
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| type of immuninty that is most effective againste cancer cells, foreign cells & parasites other than baceria & viruses | cell-mediated immunity
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| gas exchange in the lungs and body tissues | diffusion
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| surface of nasal cavity is increased by | conchae
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| carbon dioxide is primarily transported | in bicarbonate ions
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| passageway for digestive and respiratory system | pharynx
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| movement of air into and out of lungs | pulmonary ventilation
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| deoxygenated blood carries | 75% of a maximum oxygen load
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| ciliated mucous epithelium lines | nasal cavity, phrynx, larynx,trachea, and bronchi
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| primary breathing muscles | diaphragm and external intercostals
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| upper respiratory tract includes | nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx
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| trachea branches to form 2 air passages | primary bronchi
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| trachea and bronchi held open by | cartilaginous rings
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| exchange of O2 and CO2 b/w the blood and tissue cells | internal respiration
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| serous membrane that covers the surface of a lung | visceral pleura
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| gas exchange in the lungs b/w blood in capillaries and air in | alveoli
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| breathing is controlled by the respitatory cener located in the | medulla oblongata and pons
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| carbon dioxide molecules combine w/ H20 to form carbonic acid within the | erythocytes
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| organ with vocal cords | layrnx
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| oxygen is pirmarily transported | as oxyhemoglobin in RBC's
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| exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide b/w air in the lungs and blood in the lungs | external respiration
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| air filled cavities in bones surrounding the nasal cavity | paranasal sinuses
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