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anatomy chater 10-18
chapters 10-18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| formed elements constitute about _____ % of the blood volume | 45 |
| functions of blood | transports materials, helps regulate pH of body fluids, helps fight infection |
| the 2 leukocytes that are most important in phagocytizing diease organisms and cellular debris | monocytes and neutrophils |
| a blood clot that moves from where it formed to plug another vessel | embolism |
| Rh+ blood normally has | Rh antigens and NO anti-Rh antibodies |
| a person with AB blood has plasma that contains | neither anti-a nor anti-b antibodies |
| inherited disorder that prevents normal blood clotting | hemophilia |
| most abundant leukocytes | neutrophils |
| blood clot is formed of blood cells entangled protein threads | fibrin |
| leukocytes that enter body tissues to become macrophages | monocytes |
| anemia caused by the inability to absorb vitamin B-12 in sufficient quantities | pernicious anemia |
| ABO and Rh blood types are determined by the presence or absence | antigens on erthrocytes |
| ions of inorganic compounds in the plasma are commonaly called | eletrolytes |
| person w/ type O blood contains | no antigens and anti-a and anti-b antibodies |
| erythoblastosis fetalis may occur in | Rh- mother with an Rh+ baby |
| disorder in which a clot has formed in an unbroken vein is called | thrombophlebitis |
| leukocyte with incospicuous lavender-staining cytoplasmic granules and multiple-lobed nucleus | neutrophil |
| leukocytes that move into body tissue to become mast cells that release histamine and heparin in allergic reaction or when tissues are damaged | basophils |
| erythrocytes are produced in the | red bone marrow |
| formed elementsthat transport oxgen and carbon dioxide are | erythrocytes |
| large leukocyte without cytoplasmic grandules and with kidney-shaped nucleus is | monocyte |
| leukocyte with red cytoplasmic granules and biobed neucleus is | eosinophil |
| hemoglobin | combines with oxygen, gives the red color to blood, consists of a protein an iron-containing pigment |
| plasma components that are antibodies | globulins |
| disorder characterized by inablility of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen as | anemia |
| erythropoetin concentration is regulated by kidney cells that are sensitive to changes in the blood concentration of | oxygen |
| most abundant formed element | erythrocytes |
| leukocyte with blue cytplasmic granules and a U-shaped nucleus is | basophil |
| worn-out and damaged erythrocytes are removed by the | liver and spleen |
| leukocytes | help fight disease organisms, may move from capillaries into body tissues, carry carbon dioxide from tissue cells |
| leukocytes that play a vital role in immunity | lyphocytes |
| albumin, globulins and fibrinogein | plasma proteins |
| heart chamber revieving deoxygenated blood from veins (from heart) | left atrium |
| antrioventricular valve prevents the flow of blood from | ventricle to an atrium |
| blood flow through heart (chambers & valves) | right atrium- tricuspic AV valve-right ventricle-pulmonary similunar valve-pulmonary trunk |
| blood returning to right atrium | deoxgenated |
| impulse transmission in the heart | SA node-AV node-AV bundle-Purkinje fibers |
| left ventricle pumps blood directly into | aorta |
| chordea tendieae ancor the cusps off | atrioventriculuar valves |
| external jugular vein | face, scalp, neck |
| brachial vein | upper arm |
| axillary vein | armpit |
| renal vein | kidney |
| gonadal vein | ovaries or testes |
| ulnar vein | hand and forearm |
| andterior and posterior tibial vein | foot and lower leg |
| hepatic artery | liver |
| coronary artery | heart |
| subclavian artery | shoulder and arm |
| femoral artery | thigh |
| carotid artery | head and neck |
| popliteal artery | knee |
| common iliac artery | pelvic region and leg |
| right atrium recieves blood directly from | venea cavea |
| fuction of precapillary sphincter is | allow flow of blood when tissues are in need of oxygen |
| ballooning of a portion of an artery b/c of a weak spot in its wall is called | aneurysm |
| death of part of heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary artery | myocardial infarction |
| flow of blood thru vessels | heart-artery-ateriole-capillaries-venule-veins-heart |
| veins carrying oxygenated bllood to the heart | pulmonary veins |
| type of muscle forming the heart | cardiac muscle tissue |
| thickest layer of heart wall | myocardium |
| pulmonary circuit carries blood to | lungs only |
| inflammation | normal respose, promotes healing |
| thoracic duct empties lymph into | left subclavian vein |
| clone of B-lyphocytes consist of | both plasma and memory B-cells |
| lyphocytes in lymphatic tissues are | differentiated B cells and T cells |
| activated B-cell | undergoes rapid cell division to produce a clone of B-cells that can bind only 1 type of antigen |
| localized infection may result in the formation of pus which is composed of | dead white blood cells, tissue cells and pathogens |
| flow of lymph | valves in lymphatic vessesl prevent a backflow, skeletal muscle contrations & respiratory movements help the flow of lymph |
| fever (not too high) | speeds up body's defense processes |
| lymphatic tissue that intercept pathogens near the entrance to the pharynx | tonsils |
| lysozyme helps to provide protecion against pathogenic | bacteria |
| removal of excess interstitial fluid by the lymphatic system | maintains normal blood volume and prevents edema |
| thymus gland | in mediastinum above the heart |
| the secondary immune response is | faster and more intense than first |
| most lymphatic vessels drain into | thoracic duct |
| immunity derived from an injection fo antibodies | artificially acquired passive immunity |
| blood is filtered and cleansed by | spleen |
| reserve supply of blood is stored in | spleen |
| HIV impairs immunity by destroying | helper T-cells |
| barrier against disease organisms | skin, mucous membranes, flow of tears |
| nonself molecules is made by | both B- and T-lymphocytes |
| filtration of lymph and production of lymphocytes are fuctions of the | lymph nodes |
| nodes at end of nasal cavity | pharyngeal tonsil |
| node at back of troat | palatine tonsil |
| node at back of tongue | lingual tonsil |
| localized infection usually is brought under control by the phagocytic action fo | neutrophils and macrophages |
| antibodies are produced by activated | plasma cells |
| for a lymphocyte to recongnize an antigen, it is engulfed and presented on the surface of a | macrophage |
| lymphatic organs | spleen, thymus, tonsils |
| ineffective removal of excess intersitial fluid by the lymphatic system | edema |
| B-lymphocytes provide | antibody-mediated immunity |
| interferon helps provide protection against pathogenic | viruses |
| type of lymphocyte that must bind w/ a presented antigen to start an immune response | helper T-cell |
| right lymphatic duct empties lymph into | right subclavian vein |
| once pathogen destroyed, immune reaction is curtailed by | suppressor T-cells |
| immunity derived from recieviving a vaccine | artificially acquired active immunity |
| lymphatic capillaries | closed-ended tubes |
| circulating lyphocytes in the blood are | T-lymphocytes |
| interstitial fluid enters a lymph capillary by | pressure of accumulated interstitial fluid that forces some fluid b/w capillary cells |
| monocytes that enter the tissues become transformed into | macrophages |
| once pathogens enter body tissues, the primary cells involved in phagocytosis are | neutrophils and macrophages |
| T-lymphocytes differentiated and mature in the | thymus |
| type of immuninty that is most effective againste cancer cells, foreign cells & parasites other than baceria & viruses | cell-mediated immunity |
| gas exchange in the lungs and body tissues | diffusion |
| surface of nasal cavity is increased by | conchae |
| carbon dioxide is primarily transported | in bicarbonate ions |
| passageway for digestive and respiratory system | pharynx |
| movement of air into and out of lungs | pulmonary ventilation |
| deoxygenated blood carries | 75% of a maximum oxygen load |
| ciliated mucous epithelium lines | nasal cavity, phrynx, larynx,trachea, and bronchi |
| primary breathing muscles | diaphragm and external intercostals |
| upper respiratory tract includes | nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx |
| trachea branches to form 2 air passages | primary bronchi |
| trachea and bronchi held open by | cartilaginous rings |
| exchange of O2 and CO2 b/w the blood and tissue cells | internal respiration |
| serous membrane that covers the surface of a lung | visceral pleura |
| gas exchange in the lungs b/w blood in capillaries and air in | alveoli |
| breathing is controlled by the respitatory cener located in the | medulla oblongata and pons |
| carbon dioxide molecules combine w/ H20 to form carbonic acid within the | erythocytes |
| organ with vocal cords | layrnx |
| oxygen is pirmarily transported | as oxyhemoglobin in RBC's |
| exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide b/w air in the lungs and blood in the lungs | external respiration |
| air filled cavities in bones surrounding the nasal cavity | paranasal sinuses |
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liisa
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